Summary The main objective of this article is to present the determinants of increase in agricultural commodity prices after 2006. The other specific aim is to show the factors affecting agricultural raw materials and food prices in the global context. This article is a review paper of the determinants of recent commodity and food prices spikes. However, it provides an outlook on these determinants that were the most important for the increases in the last decade. The last part of the article (conclusions) to some extent is a synthesis of considerations and includes the authors’ opinions concerning determinants and an attempt to identify which ones were the most important in the growth of agricultural commodity prices. These increases in agricultural commodity prices resulted from many factors and it is very difficult to separate the individual impact of each of them, because they occurred in parallel. However, it is possible to indicate several main reasons for these price increases, which are: adverse changes in supply-demand relations in agricultural markets, increases in oil prices (and increases of the volatility of those prices), development of biofuel production from agricultural commodities (the first generation biofuels), dollar depreciation, an increase in operations of a speculative nature on commodity markets and improper economic policy that created an environment for the growth of prices of agricultural products.

Streszczenie. Celem artykułu jest ukazanie zmian, jakie zaszły w gminach wiejskich aglomeracji poznańskiej, a także odpowiedź na pytanie, czy na obszarze tym rolnictwo odgrywa jakąkolwiek rolę. W kontekście powyższego zagadnienia pojawiło się również pytanie o miejsce rolnictwa w aglomeracji poznańskiej. W badaniach zastosowano metodę porównawczą, analizę struktury i dynamiki. Zakres czasowy obejmował lata -2004 lub 2005 i 2014, co umożliwiło wskazanie tendencji niektórych zjawisk -najczęściej odnoszono wartości analizowanych zjawisk z roku 2014 względem 2004 lub 2005 roku. W pierwszej części artykułu omówiono kwestie odnoszące się do potencjału demograficznego gmin wiejskich i zjawiska z tym związane, takie jak migracje i suburbanizacja. Kolejno wskazano na miejsce rolnictwa w analizowanych gminach przez pryzmat przestrzennego zagospodarowania gruntów i zatrudnienia. Z badań wynika, że większość gmin wiejskich, a także miejsko-wiejskich to atrakcyjne kierunki migracji, zwłaszcza z Poznania, co wpisuje się w ogólne trendy suburbanizacyjne. Mieszkańcy tych terenów cenią sobie walory środowiskowe obszarów wiejskich czy łatwość komunikacyjną z miejscem pracy w mieście. Jednocześnie wyraźnie obserwuje się spadek udziału zatrudnienia w rolnictwie, leśnictwie, łowiectwie oraz rybactwie, choć poziom tego zatrudnienia w tym sektorze jest względnie stały. Słowa kluczowe: gminy wiejskie, rolnictwo, aglomeracja poznańskaAbstract. The aim of the article was to present changes in the selected areas, which occurred in the rural communes of the Poznań's district against the other communes. In this context, the question of the place of agriculture in the Poznan agglomeration was also raised. The research used a comparative method, analysis of structure and dynamics. 50 PDGR -PSAH trends in some phenomena -the most frequently compared values of the analyzed phenomena from 2014 in relation to 2004 or 2005. The first part of the article discusses the issues related to the demographic potential of the titles of municipalities and related phenomena such as migration and suburbanization. Next, the place of agriculture in the analyzed municipalities was indicated by the prism of spatial land use and employment. It can be concluded that the majority of rural and urban-rural communes are attractive migration directions especially from Poznan, which is part of general suburbanization trends. Their inhabitants appreciate the environmental values of rural areas or the ease of communication with the workplace in the city. At the same time, there is observed clearly decrease of employment in agriculture, forestry, hunting and fishing, although the level of employment in this sector is relatively constant.

The purpose of this study was to identify the simi- larities and differences between EU-27 countries in produc- tion structures of the agricultural sector. The investigation focused on the concentration of productive inputs as well as on the specialization and orientation of production processes because of the relationship these characteristics have with production efficiency. The indices used in the Ward’s cluster- ing method were estimated based on data from the 2005–2013 Farm Structure Survey. The Mann–Whitney U test was used to determine the statistical significance of differences between the clusters. Four structural genotypes of agriculture were identified. While the EU-12 (genotype IV) and EU-15 (geno- types II and III) differ considerably in productive inputs and production concentration, the differences in prevailing pro- duction patterns are less pronounced. EU-15 countries differ mainly in the specialization level, and are similar in terms of production concentration. The genotypes identified do not co- incide strictly with the typical EU-12/EU-15 aggregates. This is because Southern European countries (Spain, Portugal, Greece and Italy), although members of the EU-15, are closer to the structures characteristic of EU-12. Conversely, although the Czech Republic and Slovakia joined the EU only in 2004, they have the highest concentration rates.

A b s t ra k t: Mimo upływu lat nie milkną spory, czym były "wydarzenia marcowe" w Polsce. Rozwój nauk humanistycznych dostarcza nowych narzędzi, przy pomocy których analizowane są kolejne wymiary Marca 1968. Najnowsza praca Piotra Osęki jest próbą poszerzenia naszej wiedzy o tamtych wydarzeniach w perspektywie historii mówionej oraz badań nad zjawiskiem pokolenia.Słowa kluczowe: historia mówiona, pokolenie '68, Karl Mannheim, metoda biografi czna, trajektoria, Piotr Osęka.Abstract: Despite the passage of time controversies about the "March events" in Poland have not ceased. The development of the humanities provides new instruments useful for analysing successive dimensions of the events of March 1968. The most recent publication by Piotr Osęka attempts to expand our knowledge about the events in question from the viewpoint of oral history and research into the generation phenomenon.

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