This paper examines urbanization in Poland after the Second World War. Particular attention is paid to urban dynamics in respect of the distribution of urban settlements, and changes in the urban population size distribution.The authors highlight the particular role of industrialization in shaping urbanization in the postwar period, and the consequences for urban economies after 1989. Urbanization has consistently lagged behind industrialization, with significant consequences for standards of living, infrastructure provision and levels of commuting. KEY WORDS ★ industrialization ★ modernization ★ urbanization
The purpose of this study is to identify the impact that the COVID-19 pandemic had on the tourism sector in Poland in terms of the tourist mobility of Poles, i.e., on the volume and nature of tourist trips of Polish residents. It is based on a comparison of the numbers and natures of tourist trips made during the pandemic (2020–21) against the preceding period (2018–19). This study is based on data from Statistics Poland collected from several hundred thousand participants (an average of over 136,000 people surveyed annually). The study discusses changes in: Polish residents’ level of participation in tourist trips; the number and breakdown of tourist trips; and the reasons/purposes for tourist trips. In addition, changes in the breakdown of transport used during tourist trips are shown. Changes observed in tourist travel expenses from 2018 to 2021 are also discussed. Another subject of our analysis is changes in tourist travel destinations and the seasonality of these trips.
Dla rozwoju gospodarki turystycznej w Łodzi ważne znaczenie ma aktualna wiel kość, struktura, wykorzystanie i lokalizacja obiektów bazy noclegowej. N a podstawie kwerendy terenowej przeprowadzono analizę lokalizacji poszczególnych obiektów na obszarze Łodzi i jej zmienność w latach 1990-1997. Następnie, korzystając z bieżącej sprawozdawczości statystycznej, omówiono trendy występujące w latach 1979-1997 w wielkości, strukturze i wykorzystaniu tej bazy. W tym zakresie analizowano liczbę osób korzystających z noclegów, udzielone noclegi, przeciętny czas pobytu w obiek tach noclegowych, średni poziom ich wykorzystania i sezonowość. Z kolei przeprowa dzona w 1991 r. kwerenda bezpośrednio w tuiystycznych obiektach noclegowych w Ło dzi dostarczyła danych do zarysowania struktury demograficznej osób korzystających z niej oraz obszarów rynkowych.
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