Casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate nanocomplexes (CPP-ACP) exhibit anticariogenic potential in laboratory, animal, and human in situ experiments. The aim of this study was to determine the ability of CPP-ACP in sugar-free chewing gum to remineralize enamel subsurface lesions in a human in situ model. Thirty subjects in randomized, cross-over, double-blind studies wore removable palatal appliances with six human-enamel half-slabs inset containing sub-surface demineralized lesions. The appliances were inserted immediately before gum-chewing for 20 min and then retained for another 20 min. This was performed four times per day for 14 days. At the completion of each treatment, the enamel half-slabs were paired with their respective demineralized control half-slabs, embedded, sectioned, and subjected to microradiography and densitometric image analysis, for measurement of the level of remineralization. The addition of CPP-ACP to either sorbitol- or xylitol-based gum resulted in a dose-related increase in enamel remineralization, with 0.19, 10.0, 18.8, and 56.4 mg of CPP-ACP producing an increase in enamel remineralization of 9, 63, 102, and 152%, respectively, relative to the control gum, independent of gum weight or type.

o 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Abstract. Assume D-orders Λ• of non-polynomial growth are completely described in Theorem 6.2 and Corollary 6.3.

In this note we give several remarks on the rings of constants for a family D of k-derivations in the rings of polynomials over a field k. Prelim inaries.Let us recall at first ([1 ]) that ifx n] is the ring of polynomials over a commutative ring k and f n e k [x 1 ,...;x 0 ] then there exists a uniquefor h e k [x i ,..., x id• L et k b e a field, A a commutative k-algebra w ith 1, and D a family of k-derivations of A . We denote by A D the set of constants of A w ith respect to D , that is, A D = tae A ; d ( a) =0 for any d E D ). I f D has only one element d then we write A d instead of A(d). It is clear thatAssume now that A has no zero divisors and A o is the field of quotients of A . Denote by h the set f il; d e D I , where if is the k-derivation o f A o defined by d(alb)=(d(a)b-ad(b)

NE is a rare but severe complication in patients undergoing autoSCT. Gram-negative bacteria remain the main causative pathogen. Abdominal sonography allows early diagnosis and treatment, effective in most of patients without surgery. In our analysis, NE was seen more often in NHL patients treated with a BEAM regimen.