The prevalence of metabolic-related disorders, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2), has been increasing. Therefore, developing improved methods for the prevention, treatment, and detection of these two conditions is also necessary. In this study, our primary focus was on examining the role of chronic inflammation as a potential link in the pathogenesis of these diseases and their interconnections. A comprehensive search of the PubMed database using keywords such as “non-alcoholic fatty liver disease”, “type 2 diabetes mellitus”, “chronic inflammation”, “pathogenesis”, and “progression” yielded 177 relevant papers for our analysis. The findings of our study revealed intricate relationships between the pathogenesis of NAFLD and DM2, emphasizing the crucial role of inflammatory processes. These connections involve various molecular functions, including altered signaling pathways, patterns of gene methylation, the expression of related peptides, and up- and downregulation of several genes. Our study is a foundational platform for future research into the intricate relationship between NAFLD and DM2, allowing for a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms and the potential for introducing new treatment standards.
Objective Identification of echocardiographic, hemodynamic and biochemical predictors of unfavorable prognosis after embolic strokes of undetermined etiology (ESUS) in patients at age <65. Patients and Methods Out of 520 ischemic stroke patients we selected 64 diagnosed with ESUS and additional 36 without stroke but with similar risk profile. All patients underwent echocardiography, non-invasive assessment of hemodynamic parameters using SphygmoCor tonometer and measurements of selected biomarkers. Follow-up time was 12 months. Results Nine percent of patients died, and recurrent ischemic stroke occurred in 9% of patients only in the ESUS group. Atrial fibrillation (AF) occurred in 10% of patients and the ESUS group had a significantly poorer outcome of AF in the first 2 months after hospitalization. The outcome of re-hospitalization was 28% in the ESUS group and 17% in the control group. In the multivariate analysis mean early diastolic (E’) mitral annular velocity (OR 0.75, 95% CI: 0.6–0.94; p=0.01) was significantly associated with cardiovascular hospitalizations. The only independent predictor of recurrent stroke was the ratio of peak velocity of early diastolic transmitral flow to peak velocity of early diastolic mitral annular motion (E/E’) (OR 0.75, 95% CI: 0.6–0.94; p=0.01). E/E’ was independently associated with composite endpoint (death, hospitalization and recurrent stroke) (OR 1.90, 95% CI 1.1–3.2, p=0.01). Conclusion The indices of diastolic dysfunction are significantly associated with unfavorable prognosis after ESUS. There is a robust role for outpatient cardiac monitoring especially during the first 2 months after ESUS to detect potential AF.
Wprowadzenie. Działania z zakresu promocji zdrowia powinny stanowić element ochrony zdrowia pracujących. Przeprowadzając badania profilaktyczne, lekarz ma możliwość nie tylko wdrażania działań z zakresu profilaktyki pierwotnej, ale również wykrycia zaburzeń w stanie zdrowia na wczesnym etapie. Cel pracy. Celem pracy było uzyskanie od pacjentów informacji, czy podczas badań profilaktycznych pracowników podejmowane były działania z zakresu promocji zdrowia. Materiał i metody. Ocena została przeprowadzona w grupie 204 osób (163 kobiety, 41 mężczyzn; średni wiek 43,6 +/-8,87 roku), które były poddawane w przeszłości badaniom profilaktycznym. Badanie miało charakter ankietowy. Wyniki. W badanej grupie dla 74 osób (36,3%) lekarz medycyny pracy był jedynym lekarzem, z którym miały kontakt w ciągu ostatnich 3 lat. U większości osób został przeprowadzony pomiar BP, HR, masy ciała i wzrostu. Pomiary glikemii, lipidogramu i morfologii krwi obwodowej wykonano u niewielkiego odsetka badanych. Jedynie jedną trzecią badanych zapytano o palenie tytoniu, natomiast o aktywność fizyczną tylko 2 osoby. Zalecenia dotyczące konieczności dalszej diagnostyki/terapii otrzymało tylko 13,7% osób. Poradę z zakresu promocji zdrowia (diety, zdrowego stylu życia, porzucenia palenia, aktywności fizycznej) uzyskało jedynie pięć osób (2,5%). Wnioski. Badania profilaktyczne pracowników stanowią wyjątkową okazję do prowadzenia działań z zakresu profilaktyki u osób zdrowych/nieodczuwających dolegliwości oraz promowania zdrowia. Niestety lekarze medycyny pracy nie dość często korzystają z tych możliwości. Opieka profilaktyczna nad pracownikami w obecnym systemie sprowadza się najczęściej do podejmowania działań ograniczonych do minimum wymaganego przepisami.
Muscle wasting is one of the main causes for exercise intolerance and ventilatory inefficiency in patients with heart failure and a strong predictor of frailty and reduced survival. The prevalence of sarcopenia is at least 20% in patients with heart failure. Patients with heart failure often have subclinical systemic inflammation, which may exert sustained effects on skeletal muscle. Besides exercise, nutrition should also be carefully evaluated, as an appropriate diet with selected nutraceuticals may be able to stimulate muscle anabolism and inhibit muscle catabolism. This review summarizes the epidemiological and clinical trial evidence supporting the recommendations for the use of nutraceuticals with anti-inflammatory properties in heart failure and provides an overview of the state of the evidence for nutraceutical supplementation to prevent and/or mitigate heart failure muscle wasting.
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