Pay-for-performance (P4P) and public quality-reporting programs can increase the quality of health care for the services being measured. However, unless carefully designed, these programs may have the unintended consequence of increasing racial and ethnic disparities. This paper describes ways in which P4P and public reporting programs may increase disparities and suggests ways in which programs might be designed that will make them likely to reduce, or at least not increase, disparities.

No abstract

Abstract. We consider the question of determining whether or not a given group (especially one generated by involutions) is a right-angled Coxeter group. We describe a group invariant, the involution graph, and we characterize the involution graphs of rightangled Coxeter groups. We use this characterization to describe a process for constructing candidate right-angled Coxeter presentations for a given group or proving that one cannot exist. We apply this process to a number of examples. Our new results imply several known results as corollaries. In particular, we provide an elementary proof of rigidity of the defining graph for a rightangled Coxeter group, and we recover an existing result stating that if Γ satisfies a particular graph condition (called no SILs), then Aut 0 pW Γ q is a right-angled Coxeter group.