Background: There are various surgical methods for hemorrhoid. Currently, there is no data regarding the profile and clinical outcome of surgery on internal hemorrhoids, especially between open hemorrhoidectomy and stapled hemorhoidopexy at Dr. Soetomo General Hospital. We aimed to describe the profile and outcome of internal hemorrhoidal patients. Methods: We collected samples from all patients with internal hemorrhoid who visited the emergency department and outpatient from January 2018 – to April 2022. The data are secondary data taken from medical records. We collected patients’ demographic data (e.g., age and sex), disease severity, comorbidities, therapies, length of stay, and complications. Results: We recruited a total of 615 patients, consisted of 47 cases (7.6%) undergoing hospitalization and 568 (92.4%) outpatient treatment. Male patients dominate the distribution by sex, either in inpatient or outpatient settings. The mean age of patients is 46.6 years for outpatients and 44.6 years for inpatients. The majority of internal hemorrhoid grading is grade 2 for outpatient and grade 3 for inpatient. Most of the patients who came with comorbidities had metabolic disorders (48.1%). The stapled hemorrhoidopexy procedure has a fairly low level of pain than open hemorrhoidectomy. In this study, it was found that the average length of stay of patients after stapled hemorhoidopexy was shorter than open hemorrhoidectomy. Conclusion: Internal hemorrhoid patients who underwent the most surgeries at Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya is a male aged > 50 years with grade 3. Stapled hemorrhoidopexy has fewer pain complications than open hemorrhoidectomy and shorter length of stay.

Anastomotic leakage following colorectal resection is reported to have a significant mortality and morbidity. Various surgical technologies have been developed to improve the outcome of colonic anastomotic, including biomaterial protective agent which has limitations in expensive price and rejection risk. The free peritoneal graft contains growth factors, antimicrobial agent and progenitor or stem cell nature by Mesothelial-Mesenchymal transition mechanism for wound healing process. Examining the healing of colonic anastomotic treated with free peritoneal graft in the presence of intraperitoneal infection by measuring the bursting pressure of the colonic tissue after surgery. We conducted an experimental study using 30 fecal peritonitis-induced New Zealand White Rabbit in 2 sample groups. Both of them have half circumferential diameter colonic resection treated with primary anastomotic using 5/0 silk braided suture material. In the treatment group, free peritoneal auto-graft was harvested and applicated. Bursting pressure was measured on the colonic tissue treated with anastomosis on day-7. The changes in the rabbits’ body weight before and after surgery which describe the nutritional status did not significantly affect the bursting pressure value (P = 0.745).

Background: Cases of myocarditis development have been reported after administration of messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA)-based coronavirus disease (COVID-19) vaccines. However, the reports vary among the studies, and the types of mRNA vaccines with potential to cause myocarditis remain unidentified. The objective was to assess the cumulative prevalence of myocarditis and determine the association between myocarditis and mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccination. Methods: We performed a network meta-analysis by searching articles in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Information on the prevalence of myocarditis after the mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccination was collected from each study. Analysis was performed by calculating the pooled prevalence rate, and the association was determined using the Z-test. Data networking was performed using the Bayesian method. Results: A total of 18 papers was included in our analysis. We found that the cumulative prevalence of myocarditis was 1.7, 1.9, 1.2, and 1.1 per 100,000 population after vaccination with different types of mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines, namely all mRNA COVID-19 vaccines, BNT162b1, mRNA-1273, and the combination of BNT162b1 and mRNA-1273, respectively. Moreover, the results revealed that BNT162b1 vaccination increased the risk of myocarditis by 1.64- and 1.71-folds compared to mRNA-1273 and the combination of BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273, respectively. Similar risks of developing myocarditis were observed after mRNA-1273 and the combination of BNT162b1 and mRNA-1273 vaccination. Conclusions: Our findings suggest the cumulative prevalence of myocarditis after mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccination with maximum prevalence was observed after BNT162b2 administration. BNT162b2 was associated with a higher risk of developing myocarditis than the other mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines.