No abstract

Background: Acne is a chronic inflammatory disease of skin follicle on the face, which affects almost 85% youngsters and adolescents. The most common causative agent is Propionibacterium species. The evaluation of antimicrobial activity of turmeric and neem, two Indian herbs in facial cosmetics may provide a better treatment option for acne. Objective: The review was to evaluate the microbiological characterization of Propionibacteria isolates from acne vulgaris cases and to identify the antimicrobial action against common antibiotics in use and different herbal extracts. Method: A regimented search in the online databases such as PubMed, EMBASE, Google scholar, scopus and so on was done to identify relevant studies according to search strategies. Other search engines were also used, but could not extract relevant articles or studies form those electronic data bases. From the electronic search, 125 articles were identified, after title and abstract review, 96 articles were retained as eligible. A full-text evaluation resulted in 23 studies to be included for review. Conclusion: The results suggests that Propionibacterium acnes is the main causative agent for pustular acne vulgaris and metronidazole was expectedly sensitive to P. acnes, whereas erythromycin and Clindamycin is emerging resistance.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive chronic disease, which is characterized by obstinate obstruction of airflow with an enhanced chronic inflammatory response in the airways and the lung to toxic elements or gases. COPD is a major etiology of morbidity and one among the primary causes of the death globally. The objective of this study is to analyze the bacteriological profile of the patients with COPD and also to study their antimicrobial sensitivity pattern, which may help to scheme a proper antibiotic treatment to the COPD patients, which will have a beneficial effect in preventing the morbidity and mortality of the disease. A narrative review of the literature was carried out after a bibliographical search on the database PubMed, Science Direct and Scopus and active search lists of bibliographical references of articles selected up to November 2019. According to various studies addressed, the causative agents in COPD from both sputum and bronchoscopic samples are found to be Haemophilus influenza, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Moraxella catarrhalis. However, to conclude, the bacterial flora in COPD varies with disease severity as Gram-negative organisms, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa are more commonly detected in patients with more severe airflow obstruction in both stable COPD and in exacerbations.

The effectiveness of the haemodialysis (HD) treatment directly affects the survival and quality of life of dialysis patients. In this regard, the composition of the dialysate, including the quality of the water, is very important. Normalizing the plasma electrolyte and mineral concentrations before to dialysis while reducing significant changes in the patient's intradialytic plasma concentrations is one of HD's main goals. For the purpose of avoiding intra- and interdialytic hypotension as well as pulmonary edoema, adequate sodium (Na) and water elimination is essential. The cardiovascular system and the bones may be protected by having the right amounts of calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) in the dialysate. This will help to avoid extraskeletal calcifications, severe secondary hyperparathyroidism, and adynamic bone disease. A steady pH in body fluids is required for proper protein and membrane function as well as bone protection, and this is achieved by maintaining an adequate bicarbonate concentration [HCO3]. A sufficient dialysate glucose concentration prevents life-threatening hypoglycemia and severe hyperglycemia, which can cause serious cardiovascular problems and exacerbate diabetic comorbidities.