Background Gastrointestinal immune‐related adverse events are frequently caused by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and often require interruption of cancer treatment. Compared with ICI colitis and enteritis, limited information exists about ICI gastritis. This study characterized clinical features and treatment outcomes of ICI gastritis. Methods Consecutive cancer patients who received ICIs and underwent endoscopy with gastric biopsies while on ICIs from 2011 to 2021 were retrospectively assessed. Specific histopathologic features identified ICI gastritis. Results Of 6450 ICI‐treated patients, 162 (2.5%) underwent endoscopy with gastric biopsies. ICI gastritis was identified in 54 (33%) biopsied patients; 38 (70%) had concurrent ICI enteritis/colitis and 16 (30%) had isolated ICI gastritis. Dyspepsia (38%) and bloating (25%) were the most frequent symptoms of isolated ICI gastritis. Compared with patients with concomitant enteritis/colitis, patients with isolated gastritis were less likely to have diarrhea (13% vs 68%; p < .001) or abdominal pain (19% vs 47%; p = .07). Patients with isolated ICI gastritis less frequently required glucocorticoids (69% vs 92%; p = .04) and had lower incidence of ICI hold/withdrawal (13% vs 42%; p = .06). There was no association between severity or extent of luminal inflammation and antitumor response (p = .85 and p = .44, respectively). Endoscopically, gastric mucosa appeared normal in 11 (20%) patients with biopsy‐proven ICI gastritis. Conclusion ICI gastritis may present alone or more commonly with concurrent enteritis/colitis, which may differentiate its clinical course. Gastric biopsies are required to diagnose a substantial minority of endoscopically normal, clinically significant cases. Most patients with isolated gastritis can continue ICI therapy uninterrupted, but a notable proportion require glucocorticoids. Plain language summary Immune checkpoint inhibitors are effective anticancer treatments, but can cause inflammatory toxicities, including of the stomach (gastritis), intestine, and colon. Limited information is available on gastritis triggered by these agents. Adult patients with cancer who were treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors and had an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy with biopsies of the stomach were examined. More than two‐thirds (70%) of people with checkpoint inhibitor gastritis also had inflammatory changes of the small intestine and/or colon. Compared with patients with isolated checkpoint gastritis, the subgroup with concomitant enteritis/colitis more frequently had abdominal pain, diarrhea, needed steroids, and/or needed to pause or stop antitumor therapy.
Objective: The objective of the study was to identify the incidence of anxiety, depression, and stress in health-care workers managing COVID-19 patients in a tertiary care hospital in North India. Methodology: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted using Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 Questionnaire (Google Form). All health-care workers (HCWs) of the hospital were included in the study. HCWs with a past or current history of psychiatric illness and on psychotropic medication were excluded from the study. Results: Two hundred and twenty HCWs answered the questionnaire, of whom 114 (51.8%) were female. Of the 220, 128 (58.2%) were single, 97 (44.1%) were physicians. Level one exposure (direct interaction with COVID-19 patients) was seen in 111 (55.5%). One hundred and thirty-three (60.5%) HCWs worked for 8–12 h/day. Conclusions: Our findings highlight the factors which need to be taken into consideration to protect the mental well-being of doctors while fighting with a disaster that has major impacts on society worldwide.
Background: Internet addiction has been described as an emerging behavior related to the development of new technologies. Impulsivity is a risk factor for addictive behaviors. Maladaptive use of the Internet has been coined as compulsive Internet use. Dysfunctional belief is an irrational thinking pattern where there is a negative view of self, the outer world, and future. Aim: The present study aims to assess the role of impulsivity, compulsivity, and dysfunctional belief leading to problematic Internet use. Materials and Methods: A total of 300 undergraduate medical students were assessed on this cross-sectional scale. Demographic details, Internet Addiction Test, Urgency Perseveration Premediation Sensation Seeking Positive Urgency Scale, Compulsive Internet Use Scale, and Dysfunctional Attitude Scale were filled by the participants using Google Forms. One hundred students could not be assessed due to nonresponse. Results: This study had a response rate of 66.6%, and of the respondents, 74.4% were mild, 25.2% were moderate, and 0.76% were severe in nature. A positive correlation was observed between Internet addiction and compulsive Internet use. There was a positive correlation between Internet addiction and lack of perseverance and positive urgency. There is an overall significance between level of dependency, achievement, and self-control in problematic and nonproblematic users. Conclusions: In the emerging era of Internet use, we must learn to differentiate excessive Internet use from addiction and be vigilant about psychopathology.
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