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This article analyses the political discourse about governing the future of the aviation industry in Sweden and how a polarized and entrenched discursive path dependency around aviation makes it difficult to invest into aviation’s possible futures as a sustainable transport. We find three different politically merged frames in the political discussion about governing the road to sustainable aviation: (1) Neoliberal sustainable aviation, (2) Green Keynesian sustainable aviation and (3) National environmentalists’ aviation. We can see a discrepancy between two merged frames that believe sustainable aviation will be possible with more or less government support and steering (Neoliberal sustainable aviation and Green Keynesian sustainable aviation) whereas the third merged frame (National environmentalists’ aviation) argues that aviation is bound to be environmentally inferior to trains and, therefore, all focus should go to the later. We can see that there is not just a path dependency in the merged frame of National environmentalists’ aviation that discounts the possibility that both the role of aviation or its sustainability can change as the technology changes. There is here a static perceived view of technology as being forever clean or dirty. Another path dependency is the linkage of aviation transport with particular political parties where the green party, for instance, oppose aviation while the conservative party wants to support aviation and innovation in aviation. This polarization is actually the largest and most important aspect of the discursive lock-in as this undermines any compromises or large-scale future investments in sustainable aviation.

Digital inclusion is the key for a sustainable and inclusive society. In particular, digital governmental services must be impartial, inclusive and available for everyone eligible for the services. Digital inclusion is a key for trust of government in a more digital society. However, the motives access, use and competences to be digital included varies in line with other forms socioeconomic stratification. It is also complicated to reach those who are digital excluded in traditional survey methods. This paper presents a field study on digital inclusion in a disadvantaged Swedish suburb, where we made a structured interview survey to reach groups that are usually hard to survey. The analysis shows that those who find it easy to search on the Internet also experience more inclusion in the Swedish society. In addition, more advanced use as on-line payments and use of eID seems to increase the trust in public authorities. Thereby, digital inclusion can be seen as a factor enhancing even quality of government, that has to be further investigated.

Digital government applications and models often add layers to existing structures, organizations, and routines to facilitate public services. In most states digital government is thus added to established structures and organizations, but what happens when egovernment develop at as an integrated part of new state building? This is the overall question in this paper presenting an analysis of best practices of e-government in six countries in the Western Balkans