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The first meeting of specialists from different fields relating to research on the Roman army in Hispania took place in Segovia in 1998 under the title “Roman Military Archaeology in Hispania”. Its aim was to gather within one forum different experts working in this field.1 The term “military archaeology” was provocative in the Spanish academic world of the late 1990s, as military studies were viewed with slight suspicion in some quarters, both by those researching indigenous contexts and by those who remained anchored in a classical concept of Romanisation which rather neglected the contribution of the army to the process of assimilating Hispania into the Roman world. In Anglo-Saxon scholarship other terms with more historiographic tradition (e.g., “Roman army studies” or “Roman frontier studies”) were preferred. The goal in choosing the title of the 1998 congress was to create debate around a topic on which research efforts were becoming increasingly focused. Despite its limitations,2 the term “military archaeology” since then has become for many Spanish scholars the methodological basis for material-based and topographic studies of the military world and of war in its widest sense. As archaeology in the Iberian peninsula becomes increasingly open to new methodologies and practices being adopted elsewhere (especially in the Anglo-Saxon world), similar terms such as “conflict archaeology” or “battlefield archaeology” are appearing, which all form part of the conceptual frame of reference of military archaeology. In the last 15-20 years, research in this field has increased exponentially in the Iberian peninsula, particularly in the north and northwest where the Roman army had a much longer-lasting presence. This has allowed scholars, for example, to begin interpreting episodes such as the Cantabrian Wars, practically unknown from an archaeological perspective until very recently. In the last few years, progress has extended to earlier periods, affecting other regions such as the peninsula‘s northeast, southeast and E coast, where military topics are starting to be differentiated into Republican and indigenous contexts. A new generation of congresses and their resulting proceedings have generated some of the most significant contributions. The Segovia congress of 1998, its follow-up at León in 2004,3 the Roman Frontier Congress held at León in 2006,4 thematic French-Spanish congresses such as the meetings of the project “La guerre et ses traces dans la péninsule Ibérique” (2007, 2009 and 2010),5 and recent colloquia on the Republican period6 and on the Cantabrian Wars,7 have all become reference works. Coinciding with the first occasion upon which the Roman Frontier Congress was held in Spain, the first monograph — still an essential reference work — on the archaeological evidence for the Roman army in the peninsula was published.8

A navegação consulta e descarregamento dos títulos inseridos nas Bibliotecas Digitais UC Digitalis, UC Pombalina e UC Impactum, pressupõem a aceitação plena e sem reservas dos Termos e Condições de Uso destas Bibliotecas Digitais, disponíveis em https://digitalis.uc.pt/pt-pt/termos. Conforme exposto nos referidos Termos e Condições de Uso, o descarregamento de títulos de acesso restrito requer uma licença válida de autorização devendo o utilizador aceder ao(s) documento(s) a partir de um endereço de IP da instituição detentora da supramencionada licença. Ao utilizador é apenas permitido o descarregamento para uso pessoal, pelo que o emprego do(s) título(s) descarregado(s) para outro fim, designadamente comercial, carece de autorização do respetivo autor ou editor da obra. Na medida em que todas as obras da UC Digitalis se encontram protegidas pelo Código do Direito de Autor e Direitos Conexos e demais legislação aplicável, toda a cópia, parcial ou total, deste documento, nos casos em que é legalmente admitida, deverá conter ou fazer-se acompanhar por este aviso. The roman republican battlefield at Pedrosillo (Casas de Reina, Badajoz, Spain): new research (2007) Autor(es):

The effect of the alcohol nature in TiCl 4 catalysts supported on MgCl 2 , modi ed by the recrystallizationtechnique with SiCl 4 , has been investigated in terms of activity and tacticity control. A series of alcoholic solutions of MgCl 2 , using 1-hexanol, t-butanol, butanol, iso-propanol, propanol and ethanol, were recrystallized with SiCl 4 and the supports were subsequently impregnated with TiCl 4 . Also, as a way of comparison, catalysts were prepared from solutions of MgCl 2 in 1-hexanol recrystallizedby solvent evaporation and quick cooling. The supports and catalysts were characterized by infrared and energy dispersive scanning (EDS). Polymerization of ethylene and propylene was performed under different temperature and pressure conditions, using triethylaluminium as a cocatalyst in the absence of electron donors. The catalytic activity depended strongly on the length of the alkyl group and the nature of the isomeric alcohol used in the treatment of the support. The yield and isotacticity of the polypropylene are governed by polymerization parameters such as pressure and support treatment. The EDS results con rmed the presence of alkoxysilanes in the catalysts treated with SiCl 4 .

La identificación arqueológica de campamentos romanos constituye una herramienta imprescindible para reconstruir las líneas generales de la estrategia militar aplicada a Hispania por parte del Estado romano. Sin embargo, es bien sabido que la caracterización arqueológica de recintos militares romanos plantea considerables dificultades. Buena parte del problema se centra en la propia confusión terminológica y conceptual que rodea la investigación sobre castramentación romana. El progreso metodológico de la arqueología peninsular nos permite hoy en día definir cuales son los criterios que nos permiten llegar a establecer el carácter castrense de un determinado asentamiento romano, esto es, cuáles serian los elementos arqueológicos determinantes o definitorios para dicha caracterización. Junto al método tradicional que parte de la identificación de estruc- turas constructivas que resulten significativas, tanto en piedra como en materiales perecederos, debemos analizar el registro arqueológico de los asentamientos susceptibles de ser identificados como militares. La presencia de restos de estructuras constructivas en piedra o madera (terraplenes, fosos, empalizadas, torres, puertas, estructuras interiores), y la constatación de un patrón arqueológico material completo (militaria y monedas, en el caso de recintos de acusada temporalidad, a los que se unen los recipientes cerámicos en los campamentos estables) permiten aseverar que estamos ante un registro arqueológico concluyente. La ausencia de alguno de estos indicios nos obliga a actuar con cautela en la caracterización militar.