The evaluation of social and spatial effects of how accessibility is distributed between individuals is key to studying equity issues in transportation. However, the establishment of minimum accessibility requirements and the identification of accessibility thresholds for population groups remain as key methodological barriers. This paper contributes to addressing these shortcomings by using Retail Mobility Environments as an analytical and geographical concept to identify advantageous and disadvantageous non-motorised accessibility to retail for different population groups. The city of Zaragoza, Spain provides the spatial laboratory for experimentation, and the study focuses on four target groups: the young employed, the young unemployed, seniors, and adults. The results reveal social and spatial inequalities in the distribution of non-motorised accessibility in Zaragoza, with marked negative effects on the young unemployed and adults. On the other hand, seniors and the young employed are the groups that benefit from the current setup. It is finally discussed on the capacity of the proposed methodology for exploring both social and spatial inequalities, for establishing minimum accessibility requirements, and for identifying accessibility thresholds according to different population groups. Furthermore, the convenience of linking equity issues to non-motorised accessibility is also highlighted.
resumen | El crecimiento del espacio urbano de Zaragoza durante los primeros quince años del siglo xxi se caracteriza por su fragmentación socioespacial a varias escalas, un rasgo significativo del urbanismo neoliberal. En esta ciudad se ha seguido un modelo que se compone por grandes fragmentos monofuncionales, no separados unos de otros, sino soldados al espacio urbano preexistente por las principales arterias de circulación; estas vías y otros obstáculos físicos o percibidos interrumpen la continuidad con el espacio consolidado, sobre todo para el movimiento de personas. No obstante este patrón permite la conexión de los nuevos espacios con el entorno urbano local, al mismo tiempo fomenta la segregación social e impulsa un modelo policéntrico basado en desplazamientos en automóvil privado. palabras clave | fragmentación urbana, planificación urbana, periferia urbana. abstract | The growth of urban space of Zaragoza during the first fifteen years of the 21st century is characterized by its socio-spatial fragmentation at several scales, a significant feature of the neoliberal urbanism. The growth model of the city is composed of large monofunctional urban fragments attached to the existing urban space by the main traffic routes. These ways and other physical or perceived obstacles interrupt the continuity with the consolidated urban space, especially for the movement of people. Nevertheless, this pattern allows the connection of the new spaces with the local urban environment but, at the same time, promotes the social segregation and fosters a polycentric functional model based on travel by private car. keywords | urban fragmentation, urban planning, urban periphery.
El proceso de globalización requiere que los actores locales y regionales se incorporen en las redes y flujos económicos internacionales para lograr la competitividad y el desarrollo económico. Ello supone cambios que modifican los impactos y alcance de las infraestructuras de transporte. En el caso de la distribución de mercancías, el transporte aéreo supone un volumen reducido sobre el total de la carga internacional, donde solo unos cuantos aeropuertos centralizan la mayor parte del mismo. En España únicamente cuatro son relevantes en la gestión de carga aérea, en especial de la internacional. Esta investigación caracteriza los principales patrones de la carga aérea en los aeropuertos españoles mediante el análisis de su evolución reciente en torno a diferentes variables, evaluando algunos cambios notables que están modificando la jerarquía aérea.
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