Motivation: There have been several studies on the micro-inversions between human and chimpanzee, but there are large discrepancies among their results. Furthermore, all of them rely on alignment procedures or existing alignment results to identify inversions. However, the core alignment procedures do not take very small inversions into consideration. Therefore, their analyses cannot find inversions that are too small to be detected by a classic aligner. We call such inversions pico-inversions. Results: We re-analyzed human-chimpanzee alignment from the UCSC Genome Browser for micro-inplace-inversions and screened for pico-inplace-inversions using a likelihood ratio test. We report that the quantity of inplace-inversions between human and chimpanzee is substantially greater than what had previously been discovered. We also present the software tool PicoInversionMiner to detect pico-inplace-inversions between closely related species. Availability: Software tools, scripts and result data are available at

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We classify commutative standard table algebras (STA) with at most one nontrivial multiplicity. The main result shows that there exists exactly one nontrivial multiplicity if and only if the table basis is the wreath product of a two-dimensional subalgebra and an abelian group. The theorem applies to adjacency algebras of commutative association schemes with exactly one primitive idempotent matrix of rank greater than one. A theorem of Seitz that characterizes finite groups with exactly one irreducible representation of degree greater than one is another corollary of the main theorem.