With the aim of recognizing the commonest leaf pattern found in the woody flora of the cerrado (the Brazilian savanna) we analyzed the leaf anatomy of 30 representative species. The leaves are mostly dorsiventral and hypostomatic and covered by trichomes and a thick layer of wax and cuticle; the vascular bundles are surrounded by a sheath of fibers. The mesophyll has a developed palisade tissue, dispersed sclerified cells and idioblasts bearing crystals and phenolic compounds. We compared the results with those reported for other species (60 species) from the same biome and for the families that the studied species belong. The present study suggests that the xeromorphism observed for the cerrado leaves is related to the evolutionary history of this biome, since its first floristic elements must have faced deficient water conditions as well as the consequent soil acidity and toxicity. Therefore we may infer that the leaf anatomical pattern here observed was already present in the first elements of the cerrado and was selected to guarantee the survival of those species in the new environment. Furthermore, the xeromorphic features present in those leaves continue nowadays to help the plants protecting themselves from the different biotic and abiotic factors they are subjected to.

-(Leaf anatomy of Melastomataceae from the Cerrado of São Paulo State). We studied the leaf of 22 species of Melastomataceae (tribe Miconieae, Tibouchinieae e Microlicieae) from the cerrado of São Paulo State. In all representatives the leaves are dorsiventral and hypostomatic and present bicollateral vascular bundles in the midrib (except for one species). Some features such as type and position of the stomata and the aspect of the midrib surface vary even within a single genus. Other features like cuticle thickness, thricomes morphology, and occurrence or not of emergences, percentage of palisade parenchyma and position and shape of the main vascular bundle may help on the characterization of each genus when analyzed as a hole, within the tribes. These features are described for the 22 species and discussed in a systematic context. Key words -cerrado, leaf anatomy, Melastomataceae RESUMO -(Anatomia foliar de Melastomataceae do Cerrado do Estado de São Paulo). Foi estudada a estrutura foliar de 22 espécies de Melastomataceae (tribos Miconieae, Tibouchinieae e Microlicieae) encontradas no cerrado do estado de São Paulo. Em todos os representantes, as folhas são dorsiventrais e hipostomáticas e a nervura principal é formada por xilema e por floema nas duas faces (exceto por uma única espécie). Determinados caracteres presentes nesses órgãos, como tipo e posição dos estômatos e aspecto das superfícies adaxial e abaxial, na região da nervura principal, variam consideravelmente dentro de um mesmo gênero. Outros como espessura da cutícula nas duas superfícies, tipo e morfologia dos tricomas, presença ou não de emergências, porcentagem de parênquima paliçádico e posição e forma do sistema vascular principal, quando considerados em conjunto podem auxiliar na caracterização dos diferentes gêneros dentro das tribos. Esses aspectos são descritos para os 22 representantes estudados e discutidos dentro de um contexto sistemático.Palavras-chave -anatomia foliar, cerrado, Melastomataceae 1.

e E. tortuosum). Todas as folhas são revestidas por cristais de cera epicuticular, que apresentam forma de grânulo ou plaquetas e se distribuem de maneira esparsa ou densa. Para todos os representantes, o padrão de nervação é camptódromo -broquidódromo, o mesofilo é dorsiventral e os estômatos restringem-se à superfície abaxial. Algumas características como bordo acuminado, região da nervura central com projeção adaxial, feixes vasculares laterais envolvidos por bainha parenquimática e tecido vascular em forma de arco aberto, nos pecíolos, são de ampla distribuição nas espécies estudadas. Outras características como bordo arredondado, nervura central com um único feixe vascular, epiderme papilosa na face abaxial e ocasionalmente biestratificada, na adaxial, além de esclereídes dispersas no mesofilo, restringem-se a determinados táxons. A presença ou ausência dos diferentes caracteres foliares permitiu elaborar uma chave de identificação para os Erythroxylum aqui estudados.Palavras-chave: anatomia foliar, Cerrado, Erythroxylaceae, Erythroxylum, taxonomia ABSTRACT -(Leaf anatomy of Erythroxylum P. Browne (Erythroxylaceae) from Cerrado of the state of São Paulo, Brazil). With the aim of pointing out useful character for taxonomic purposes, we studied the leaf of the Erythroxylum species that grow on Cerrado vegetation in São Paulo state, Brazil (E. ambiguum, E. campestre, E. cuneifolium, E. deciduum, E. microphyllum, E. nanum, E. pelleterianum, E. suberosum and E. tortuosum). They are all covered by granules or platelets of epicuticular waxes of sparse or dense distribution. The venation is of camptodromous -brochidodromous pattern, the mesophyll is dorsiventral and the stomata occur only on the abaxial surface. Some features, such as acuminated margin, midrib region with adaxial projection, lateral vascular bundle surrounded by a parenchymatous sheath and petiole with vascular tissue in an opened arc-shape, are widely distributed amongst the studied species. Others, like rounded margin, midrib with only one vascular bundle, papillose epidermis on the abaxial surface, and occasionally bilayered on the adaxial surface, besides scattered sclereids on the mesophyll, occur only in some taxa. The occurrence or not of these leaf features allowed the elaboration of an identification key for the Erythroxylum species.

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