CRS is commonly diagnosed at our center. Thus, mounting effective surveillance for CRS and considering the inclusion of rubella vaccine in Nigeria are of extreme importance.

We concluded that more than 90% of parents and caregivers know about epileptic seizures. However, there is a need to disseminate more information to the public about its causes, clinical manifestation, approach to managing a convulsing child, and its outcome. In addition, periodic medical campaigns aimed at educating the public about epilepsy through the media could go a long way in reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with this disorder.

A pilot study of violent injury surveillance was implemented in two hospitals in Kano, Nigeria, in two phases: a formative evaluation including training and arranging the collection of hospital information, followed by a 6 month prospective data collection. Road traffic injuries constituted about 80 per cent of the cases, gunshot injuries were the commonest in victims of interpersonal violence (IPV). The causes and context of IPV, the relationship of victims and perpetrators, and the place, related activities and anatomical site of injuries from IPV are summarized.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD or AD/HD) is a neurobehavioral developmental disorder, primarily characterized by the co-existence of attention problems and hyperactivity. It affects about 3 to 5% of children globally, with symptoms starting before 7 yr of age and in about 50% of cases continuing into adulthood. It is a source of concern to the clinicians as it is often comorbid with other mental disorders, particularly anxiety, conduct disorder, depression, epilepsy and learning disabilities. The aim of this review is to draw close attention to the disorder, highlight its causes, features and the challenges in management. Data was sourced from literature in Medline publications, World Health Organization and other medical journals. ADHD affects all races, ethnic groups and socioeconomic levels, the cause is unknown and there is no cure for it. Management is multidisciplinary including behavioral therapy, psychotherapy and drug treatment. There is dearth of information about ADHD in our environment but the disorder is not uncommon. The combined problems of malaria, malnutrition, pneumonia, human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immune deficiency syndrome and other infectious illnesses may be masking emphasis on this neurodevelopmental condition. ADHD is a common neurodevelopmental disorder worldwide. Management of the condition is challenging. Awareness of the general populace, skills in the diagnosis and optimal management are currently low in developing countries like Nigeria. There is need for improvement in these areas.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is the most common neurobehavioral disorder of childhood and one of the most prevalent chronic health conditions affecting school-aged children. With varying prevalence rates around the world, this study seeks to determine the prevalence of ADHD in primary school children in Port Harcourt, Southern Nigeria. It was a school-based descriptive cross sectional study using the Vanderbilt ADHD Diagnostic Teacher Rating Scale. A twostaged stratified sampling technique was used to recruit pupils aged 4-18 years from four selected primary schools. A total of 884 pupils were studied, consisting of 452 (51.1%) males and 432 (48.9%) females. Seven (0.8%) had ADHD, out of which 6 (85.7%) had predominantly inattentive, 2 (28.6%) had predominantly hyperactive-impulsive and 1 (14.3%) had the combined subtype. Four (0.9%) out of 432 females compared to 3 (0.7%) out of 452 males had ADHD (p = 0.475). Six (1.2%) out of the 483 pupils equal to or above 10 years of age had ADHD compared to 1 (0.2%) out of the 401 pupils less than 10 years of age (p = 0.098). Oppositional & Conduct disorders and Anxiety / Depression were found to be more prevalent in children with ADHD (42.9% vs. 16.3% and 28.6% vs. 10.5% respectively). The study showed that ADHD does occur in children in Southern Nigeria and is associated with other psychiatric co-morbidities as in other parts of the world.