Brotowali (BR) extract (Tinospora crispa) can be used as an antimalarial. Aim: to determine the effect of BR extract in histopathological and expression of NFκB in mice tubules infected by Plasmodium berghei treated by artesunate (AR). Method: we used 42 C57BL / 6J strain mice as experimental animals, which were randomly divided into 7 groups : negative control (NC), positive control (PC), treatment group consist of AR 32 mg/kb (group 1); BR 70 mg/kg (group 2), combination of AR+BR 50 mg/kg (group 3), AR+BR 60 mg/kg (group 4), and AR+BR 70 mg/kg (group 5). Histological examination (hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining) and expression of NFKB (immunohistochemical staining) in the kidneys were performed on 7th and 14th. Result: compared to PC group, BR with doses of 70 mg until 14th day, improved the degree of tubular necrosis, interstitial fibrosis, tubular degeneration, and inflammatory cell infiltration (p <0.001) but did not reach NC group (p <0.05). The combination of AR+BR until the 14th day with dose of 50, 60, 70 mg all of dose improves significantly in-term of degree of tubular cell necrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration. The degree of interstitial fibrosis on 14th day only improved in group 4 and 5 (p<0.001 and p=0.003). The level of NF-kB expression on day 7 and day 14 was reduced in group 2, group 4, and group 5 compared to PC group. There was positive correlation on 7th and 14th between NF-kβ expression and tubular degeneration, tubular cell necrosis, inflammatory cell infiltration, and interstitial fibrosis. Conclusion: the combination of AR+BR extract can improve histopathological features and reduce NF-kβ expression in mice tubules infected by Plasmodium berghei with an optimal dose was 60 mg/day for 7-14 days or 70 mg for 7 days.

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh rendahnya hasil belajar, pembelajaran yang cenderung pasif karena siswa tidak hanya mampu memahami materi yang dijelaskan secara abstrak tetapi perlu dibantu dengan menggunakan media untuk bisa memahami maksud dari materi yang diajarkan. Berdasarkan hasil observasi dan terdapat masalah pada hasil belajar siswa maka peneliti menerapkan model yang dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar yaitu Picture and Picture Berbantuan Kelompok Undian.  Jenis penelitian ini yaitu penelitian tindakan kelas yang dikembangkan oleh Kemmis and Mc. Taggard (2006). Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di SMP Negeri 2 Wagir kelas VIII B tahun ajaran 2018/2019 yang terdiri 33 siswa dengan 16 perempuan dan 17 laki-laki. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu lembar kerja siswa dan lembar catatan lapangan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang sudah dilaksanakan menunjukan hasil siklus I dan siklus II mengalami peningkatan hasil belajar secara signifikan.