Hyena disease was first reported in France in 1975 and since then has been recognized in many countries. It is currently regarded as a disorder of skeletal development, mainly localised in the pelvic limbs of young cattle. Some investigators consider that it is a metabolic disease but the authors believe that it may be caused by a virus. Their hypothesis, according to which bovine virus diarrhoea-mucosal disease virus is involved, is based on epidemiological, histopathological and immunological evidence.

No abstract

<p>In this paper, the macroseismic effects of the subcrustal earthquake in Vrancea (Romania) that occurred on March 4, 1977, have been re-evaluated. This was the second strongest seismic event that occurred in this area during the twentieth century, following the event that happened on November 10, 1940. It is thus of importance for our understanding of the seismicity of the Vrancea zone. The earthquake was felt over a large area, which included the territories of the neighboring states, and it produced major damage. Due to its effects, macroseismic studies were developed by Romanian researchers soon after its occurrence, with foreign scientists also involved, such as Medvedev, the founder of the Medvedev-Sponheuer-Karnik (MSK) seismic intensity scale. The original macroseismic questionnaires were re-examined, to take into account the recommendations for intensity assessments according to the MSK-64 macroseismic scale used in Romania. After the re-evaluation of the macroseismic field of this earthquake, the intensity dataset was obtained for 1,620 sites in Romanian territory. The re-evaluation was necessary as it has confirmed that the previous macroseismic map was underestimated. On this new map, only the intensity data points are plotted, without tracing the isoseismals.</p>

No abstract

The aim of the present paper is to test intensity attenuation relationships for subcrustal earthquakes occurred in Vrancea (Romania) seismogenic zone in relation with some important dams situated in extra-Carpathian area. During centuries, the Romanian territory has been shaken by strong earthquakes, most of them being centered within Vrancea Zone, which is situated at the bending area of the South-Eastern Carpathians. Most of the zones from extra-Carpathian area are affected by the subcrustal seismic events, where many hydro-technical structures exist, being also exposed to earthquakes action. A detailed analysis of the intensity attenuation laws developed for subcrustal seismic sources was performed using the most recent and complete intensity datasets. We use an extended and combined intensity data including historical and modern, qualitative and quantitative data, i.e. a number of 11 earthquakes occurred during the period 1738-2009 with epicentral/maximum intensities ranging from VII-X MSK degrees, and magnitude Mw from 5.4 to 7.9. All the input data used for testing are resulted after the reevaluation and evaluation of the macroseismic effects produced by the seismic events included in the present study (8697 IDP). The selected attenuation laws were tested for different values of epicentral intensity and with reference to twelve and twenty four azimuthal directions. Besides the testing of the relationships, isoseismal maps based on the selected attenuation laws were accomplished, associated to the biggest possible earthquake (worst scenario) for the Vrancea subcrustal zone, also highlighting the calculated intensities in the selected dam sites. Brief description of the study and used methods. Brief description of the study and used methods.