Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) can have multiple localizations in the human body however, most often, it appears in the in thorax at tracheobronchial tree and the thymus. NETs are a group of tumors with heterogenous malignancy that evolve from neuroendocrine cells, with the lung being the second target organ after the gastrointestinal tract. These rare tumors are usually asymptomatic and non-functional with little information regarding incidence in the specialty literature. The main purpose of this review, was the analysis of the available literature in all aspects while mainly focusing on molecular diagnosis data and secondly, by using this molecular landscape to establish a differentiation of lung neuroendocrine tumors (LNETs). By analyzing the literature, new data were revealed regarding histological evaluation, genetic aberrations, prognosis depending on the type of LNET and therapeutic options that derive from these. Efficient management of these tumors is essential in the handling of symptoms and increase in life expectancy, especially in patients with functional tumors. Histological differentiation of LNETs is important in establishing proper therapeutic options and prognosis. Combined types of LNETs remain a controversial topic of discussion regarding diagnosis and treatment, a topic on which further studies are required in order to improve diagnosis in this group of tumors with heterogenous malignancy. Contents1. Introduction 2. Materials and methods 3. Epidemiology 4. Classification 5. Precursor lesions 6. Clinical features 7. Tumor staging 8. Biological landscape of lung neuroendocrine tumors (LNETs) 9. Radiological diagnosis 10. Surgical treatment 11. Advanced LNETs therapy 12. Conclusions

"Background: Infection and sepsis represent major complications after abdominal surgery for secondary peritonitis. Finding new tools that can help identify patients at risk for developing postoperative complications is of the utmost importance for clinicians. We tried to evaluate the use of different biomarkers in evaluating the postoperative prognosis of patients with secondary peritonitis. Methods: We searched the available literature on the usefulness of serum biomarkers in evaluating prognosis in patients with secondary peritonitis. Results: Elevated postoperative lactate levels and high procalcitonin (PCT) levels were associated with negative outcomes. C-reactive protein values increase rapidly in response to the surgical insult but have no value in assessing the overall prognosis. Conclusion: Procalcitonin (PCT) is superior to other biomarkers in predicting severe septic complications and overall mortality in patients with secondary peritonitis. "

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Introduction. The increasing number of tumor prosthesis in the last decade shows the advance in musculoskeletal oncology. Limb sparing surgery nowadays has to be the focus in surgery, maintaining the patient’s quality of life. Prognosis depends on the histological type of tumor, size, and local extension. Pain is present in almost any cases of bone tumors and can vary in intensity and character. Being the leading symptom is strongly correlated to the quality of life. The purpose of this study was to evaluate pain in patients with primary bone sarcomas before and after surgery. Material and methods. 11 patients were involved in this study over a period of 4 years (2014-2017) from the Orthopedics and Traumatology Department in the University Emergency Hospital in Bucharest. Tumor resection and reconstruction with modular prosthesis was performed in 4 cases, and tumor resection was necessary in 3 cases and amputation in 4 cases. Pain was evaluated before and after surgery using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Early postoperative pain control was achieved with epidural catheter, followed by opioid therapy, NSAIDs and Paracetamol in the early stages of mobilization. Results. Surface sarcomas and tumors close to the periosteum, or periosteal involvement has shown a localized and increased pain. Multimodal-analgesia was used for pain management. Within the first 48 hours, analgesia was performed with an epidural catheter by continuous infusion of ropivacaine 0.2% and fentanyl 2mcg/ ml at a rate ranging between 3-6 ml/ h, obtaining a VAS score between 0 and 3. Conclusions. Perioperative pain management has to be individualized to the localization and local soft tissue involvement of the tumor. In late stages of sarcomas or local recurrence, conventional analgesics can be inefficient. Early diagnosis and surgical removal of these tumors is the most important objective for a good prognosis.

Background: Although locoregional anesthesia techniques in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) have progressed steadily, the emergence of the adductor canal block representing a step forward for postoperative evolution in preservation of the quadriceps muscle strength, analgesia of the posterior territory of the knee still remains a challenge. The emergence of IPACK, in association with earlier techniques, offers promising preliminary results in terms of its contribution to a favourable evolution and to the satisfaction of TKA patients. Materials and methods: Prospective trial performed on a group of 28 patients undergoing a total knee arthroplasty intervention; analgesia control in the postoperative period was performed either with opioid and nonopioid systemic analgesics, or by associating the continuous adductor canal block with IPACK and systemic analgesics. The primary objective is pain control at rest/on mobilization, while the secondary purpose is analysis of opioid use, their side effects and recovery of joint mobility. Results: There is a significantly better pain control in the group of patients with locoregional anesthesia, both at rest and on mobilization.