Artículo de acceso abierto publicado por Revista U.D.C.A Actualidad & Divulgación Científica bajo una licencia Creative Commons CC BY-NC 4.0 Revista U.D.C.A Actualidad & Divulgación Científica 21 (2): 457-466 Julio-Diciembre 2018 458 and photoactive efficiency properties were evaluated. The results showed that the anchoring of the photoactive substances to the esterified starch optimizes the values of water solubility, transparency, acid-base stability and resistance to rupture of the biofilms. The greater photoactive protection was obtained with the biofilm of Rutin, reducing in 66.6% and 57.3% the oxidative degradation of proteins and lipids respectively. It is concluded that the esterification of residual potato starch and its subsequent anchoring of photoactive substances confers a potential use in the production of biodegradable food packaging.
The milk-clotting enzymes used in the production of semi-matured and matured cheeses, can influence the metabolic processes that occur during maturation. This study evaluated the impact of recombinant chymosin and microbial enzymes on the lipid composition and organoleptic properties of Paipa Cheese, a semi-mature artisan Colombian product. The lactic acid bacteria content in milk and Paipa cheese, the coagulant and lipolytic activity of the enzymes, the lipid composition as well as the lipid profile of the product, total free fatty acids, and sensory analysis were evaluated. The results indicated a greater lipolysis in cheeses made with microbial clotting enzymes which were associated with a greater lipolytic activity and a greater perception of acidic, rancid, and soapy flavors. Nevertheless, panelists preferred cheese prepared using recombinant chymosin, with lower lipolysis and lipolytic activity. Regardless of the type of protein precipitant that can be used in the elaboration of semi-matured and matured cheeses, Paipa cheese had a high content of saturated fatty acids and omega 3, 6, and 9; which accounted for the organoleptic and nutritional characteristics, which could favorably impact its commercial activity.
RESUMENEn este artículo se presenta un estudio del proceso histórico-epistemológico desde la perspectiva lakatosiana de la investigación científica llevada a cabo por J. Watson y F, Crick, que los condujo a proponer el modelo de doble hélice para la estructura del ADN, en el año de 1953.PALABRAS CLAVES: epistemología lakatosiana, heurística negativa, heurística positiva, hipótesis auxiliar, historia interna.. SUMARYIn this paper shows historical-epistemological process from lakatosian view of the scientific research to take to J.Watson & F.Crick,to elucidate the pattern of double helix of DNA structure in 1953. KEY WORDS: Lakatosian epistemology, negative heuristic, positive heuristic, auxiliary hypothesis, internal history. INTRODUCCIÓNEl proceso que condujo a la propuesta de la estructura del ácido desoxirribonucleico (ADN) puede ser analizado desde la perspectiva de la metodología de un programa de investigación (Lakatos, 1983), para demostrar que no obedeció a observaciones ateóricas sino que requirió metodologías, transformaciones novedosas y persistencias conceptuales.Desde lo epistemológico, la propuesta lakatosiana de programas de investigación básicamente se centra en la existencia de una heurística que permite la solución de problemas, la asimilación de anomalías, así como la predicción de hechos nuevos. Este tipo de heurística le facilita al investigador, tanto los caminos que debe evitar (heurística negativa), como los caminos que debe seguir (heurística positiva). Un programa de investigación no progresa mediante el desarrollo de teorías aisladas, pruebas de ensayo y error o métodos basados únicamente en la experimentación ateórica.La estructura química del ADN pertenece a un programa de investigación que tuvo confrontaciones teóricas con programas rivales, las cuales se desarrollaron simultáneamente en diferentes países. La mayor novedad fáctica y estructura lógica del modelo presentado por el biólogo J.Watson y el físico F.Crick (Watson, 1967), es que
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