IntRoductIonCardiovascular disease (CVD) in one of the most common metabolic disorder in women with polycystic ovary syndrome, it is also associated with insulin resistance, hyperandrogenism and obesity [1,2]. Young women with PCOS have increased sympathetic and decreased parasympathetic activity in heart measured by heart rate variability (HRV) [3].Autonomic imbalance in heart is related to CVD, group of women with PCOS has high risk of CVD [4]. Heart rate fluctuation is an indication of autonomic nervous system dysfunction in response to anxiety and environmental stimuli [5].Earlier studies show EV induced PCOS animal model shows acyclicity in the ovary [6]. The induced PCOS rats have shown alterations in basal luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone and gonadotrophin releasing hormone and sympathetic activity of the heart [7]. The PCOS in rats and the human shows similar endocrinological and morphological features [8].A serious alteration of HRV is associated with CVD [9] Alteration of HRV in different stages of the menstrual cycle was reported [10]. HRV is a non-invasive index for studying the autonomic activity of heart. The linear method of HRV is analysed by time and frequency domain. The time domain analysis measures changes in heart rate over time. The time domain parameters are driven mainly via parasympathetic innervations of heart. In short term recordings the frequency domain analysis of heart rate explains three bands very low frequency (VLF), low frequency (LF) and high frequency (HF) [11]. An alternate approach of recording ECG in conscious state allows a long term HRV study in a rat model [12]. HRV has been studied for alterations in the autonomic activity of heart during acupressure stimulation in Dysmenorrhoea [13].The standard pharmacological treatment for PCOS is effective, but it has side effect such as super ovulation are common. Laparoscopic ovarian drilling may help in regulating ovulation in women with PCOS [14]. Manual stimulation of acupuncture needles and metformin therapy, both showed similar improvement Keywords: Heart rate variablity, Estradiol valerate, Polycystic ovary syndrome

Plants have the ability to impart therapeutic action on chronic diseases such as diabetes and its comorbidities. The current study was done to find the effectiveness of Katakakhadiradi kashayam on liver metabolism in streptozotocin and nicotinamide administered diabetic rats. Diabetic rats were treated with katakakhadiradi kashayam for 28 days and compared with glibenclamide. The antidiabetic action of Katakakhadiradi kashayam was measured by the serum levels of urea, bilirubin, SGOT and SGPT activity. In the current study, the level of urea, SGPT and SGOT activity was significantly higher and reduced total bilirubin observed in diabetic rats. The protection given by Katakakhadiradi kashayam against diabetic complication was confirmed by a histology study. Most of the plants present in Kadakakhadiradi kashayam are effective in regulating the enzymes in diabetes mellitus. The obtained data imply the antidiabetic effects of katakakhadiradi kashayam, which is practically a safe herbal formulation and can be used as a good alternative for managing DM.

The lipid pattern and levels in diabetic patient are the same as those for subjects with cardiovascular disease. The tactic underlying the oral hypoglycemic agent is to adjust the lipid profile; which can be achieved by herbal therapy. The use of herbs and formulations for attenuation of hyperglycemia and to aid protection against the pancreatic damage is clinically very important. This study was intended to find the efficacy of Katakakhadiradi Kashayam(KKK)on lipid profile and pancreatic tissue damage in streptozotocin-nicotinamide (SN) induced diabetic rats. The diabetic rats were treated with Katakakhadiradi Kashyam orally at doses of 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg/bw. For 28 days and compared with the standard drug Glibenclamide. After the kashayam treatment triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol and total cholesterol level were assayed and pancreatic tissue damage caused by streptozotocin was analysed by histology study.Katakakhadiradi kashayam could restore the serum lipid profile by controlling the blood glucose level and reduce the pancreatic injury in diabetic rats. Supplementation of Katakakhadiradi kashayam showed a significant improvement in the serum lipid profile thus helping in retarding the secondary complications.

Many plants provide a rich source of bioactive chemicals, which are free from undesirable side effects and possess powerful pharmacological actions. The present study was carried out to find the antidiabetic effect of   Katakakhadiradi kashayam (KKK) by improving the insulin expression and regulating properly the glucose metabolising enzymes. The diabetes was induced in combination with streptozotocin and nicotinamide injection to Wistar rats. Diabetic rats were treated with   Katakakhadiradi kashayam orally at doses of 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg/bw for 28 days, and the obtained results of parameters were compared with glibenclamide. The antidiabetic effect of Kashayam was measured by the expression of insulin by immunohistochemistry and restoring the normal clinical values of glucose metabolizing enzymes. The present study specified that hyperglycemia leads to pathological conditions in pancreatic tissue with decreased expression of insulin in β-cells whereas the   Katakakhadiradi kashayam normalised the production of insulin. The study found that the antihyperglycemic activity of   Katakakhadiradi kashayam L. is mainly due to their ability to restore the function of pancreatic tissues by causing an increase in insulin output and maintaining the glucose metabolising enzymes.

At present, herbal plants and their biologically active components have acquired importance in diabetes mellitus (DM) management, which has spread worldwide. The current study was carried out to analyse the antidiabetic action of  Katakakhadiradi kashayam in streptozotocin administered diabetic rats. The study was done in wistar rats by inducing diabetes using streptozotocin and nicotinamide. Diabetic rats were given katakakhadiradi kashayam with various doses of 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg/b.wt for 14 days, and its efficacy was compared with glibenclamide drug. The hypoglycemic effect of this katakakhadiradi kashayam was tested by taking blood glucose measurement in experimental rats. The oxidative damage caused by streptozotocin was analysed by LPO levels and the antioxidants status was assessed by GSH levels, GPx, SOD and CAT activities in pancreatic tissues. The antidiabetic study of katakakhadiradi kashayam showed reduction in hyperglycemia by reducing the oxidative damage in pancreatic tissue and improving the antioxidants. Overall, the reports of the study showed that katakakhadiradi kashayam could be used to improve management of diabetic rats. The acquired data suggest the hypoglycemic efficacy of katakakhadiradi kashayam, which is practically a safe herbal formulation and may be used as a good alternative to cure diabetes mellitus.