The aim of this article is to examine the effect of omega-3 (ω-3) long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) intake on retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) by reviewing the experimental and clinical trials conducted on animal models and infants. LCPUFAs demonstrate cytoprotective and cytotherapeutic actions contributing to a number of anti-angiogenic and neuroprotective mechanisms within the retina. Their intake appears to have a beneficial effect on ischemia, oxidative stress, inflammation and cellular signaling mechanisms, influencing retinal cell gene expression and cellular differentiation. ω-3 LCPUFAs may modulate metabolic processes that activate molecules implicated in the pathogenesis of vasoproliferative and neurodegenerative retinal diseases such as ROP.

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Congenital ectropion uveae is a rare anomaly commonly associated with neurofibromatosis and occasionally with other ocular abnormalities. Glaucoma related with this condition may be present in infancy, or may develop later in life, and is thought to be due to an associated angle dysgenesis. Diagnosis is frequently delayed due to the subtle signs and the absence of symptoms and management is primarily surgical. We report an unusual case of unilateral congenital ectropion uveae in a 3-year-old child, with no evidence of neurofibromatosis, presenting as acute glaucoma, which was successfully managed by topical treatment only, avoiding surgical intervention.