The article contains topical issues regarding the need of methodological support for the efficiency of enterprises. The article considers the theoretical and practical aspects of assessing the effectiveness of enterprises. It is determined that the enterprises of the telecommunication sphere belong to the important components of the national economy. It is offered to consider the efficiency increase of the enterprises activity as the tool of rational use of their resources and potential. The article defines modern and effective concepts of stimulation and increase of the enterprise efficiency. It is determined that currently the most important stages are the concept of digital business, the concept of project management, the concept of business process management, the concept of a system of balanced exponents. The determining factors of production are provided. They include objects of labor, personnel and means of labor. Their characteristics are given. It is noted that ensuring high efficiency of labor and new technology is an integral part of the overall problem of improving the efficiency of financial and economic activities of the enterprise. It is determined that in modern conditions of various crises, competition and uncertainty, economic and political problems, improving the efficiency of production of enterprises in the telecommunications sector is a priority in solving the problems of enterprise viability. It is noted that as well as traditional efficiency indicators, such as return on operating activities, return on assets, return on equity; operating profitability of sales; return on investment in today's transformational environment of industry 4.0 the return on innovation (new technologies) should be added to the list. The characteristics of the main approaches to determine the efficiency of the enterprise are given. General economic analysis of the telecommunications enterprise efficiency is presented. Methodological approaches to increase the activity of these enterprises are suggested and explained.