No abstract

and Venezuela have the domestic, peridomicile and sylvatic cycles, with high prevalence of human infection and prevalence of chronic Chagas' cardiomyopathy (CCC).Group II -Colombia, Costa Rica and Mexico, characterized by domestic and peridomicile cycles with presence of CCC.Group III -El Salvador, Guatemala, Nicaragua and Panama have domestic, peridomicile and sylvatic cycles with poor clinical information. AbstractMuch has been achieved in one century after Carlos Chagas' discovery. However, there is surely much to be done in the next decades. At present, we are witnessing many remarkable efforts to monitor the epidemiology of the disease, to better understand the biology of the T. cruzi and its interaction with human beings as well as the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of the complications in the chronic phase, and deal more appropriately and effectively with late cardiac and digestive manifestations.

Chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy patients have larger epicardial as compared to endocardial substrate areas. Combined epicardial endocardial substrate mapping and ablation during sinus rhythm proves effective in preventing VT recurrences and appropriate ICD therapies.

Developed in partnership with and endorsed by the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA), a registered branch of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC); the Heart Rhythm Society (HRS); the Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society (APHRS); and the Latin American Heart Rhythm Society (LAHRS). This article has been co-published with permission in EP Europace, HeartRhythm, and Journal of Arrhythmia. The articles are identical except for minor stylistic and spelling differences in keeping with each journal's style. Either citation can be used when citing this article.