Óleo essencial de tomilho para ovinos: efeito na fermentação ruminal, na digestibilidade dos nutrientes, no metabolismo de nitrogênio e no crescimento]A. ABSTRACTTwo experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of thyme (Thymus vulgaris) essential oil (EO) doses on rumen fermentation, nutrient digestibility, and nitrogen metabolism, as well as performance and coccidia oocyst discharge. In experiment I, 20 rumen-cannulated wethers received the experimental diets containing 80% dry matter (DM) of haylage and 20% DM of concentrate. Treatments were 25mg of monensin/kg DM or doses of 1.25, 2.50, or 3.75g of thyme EO/kg DM. In experiment II, 50 ewe lambs received the same diets from experiment I, including a diet without feed additives. Wethers fed with diets containing 1.25g/kg DM of thyme EO had higher molar proportion of propionate (P= 0.03) and butyrate (P< 0.01), and lower (P= 0.04) acetate to propionate ratio than other treatments. Adding thyme EO to diets increased (P= 0.02) nitrogen retention compared to monensin. The performance of ewe lambs was not affected (P≥ 0.05) by treatments. However, lambs fed monensin had a lower (P= 0.04) number of coccidia oocyst discharge than others. Adding 1.25g/kg DM of thyme EO in high-forage diet improved ruminal fermentation. Thyme EO enhanced nitrogen metabolism, however, it did not improve performance.

Economic analysis of the finishing of beef cattle in feedlots in the state of Minas Gerais: a case studyThe objective of this study was to evaluate the profitability of the beef cattle finishing in feedlot. Particularly, it was also intended to identify the components of the total and effective operational cost of greater impact on the production of meat and estimate the breakeven point. Data collection was carried out from January to December of 2009 in two beef cattle production systems, located in Sete Lagoas -MG (feedlot 1) and Carmo de Minas -MG (feedlot 2). The electronic data processing as well as the profitability analysis were conducted using the Cu$to Bovino Corte ® software, considering the gross margin, the net margin and the result (either profit or loss) as economic efficiency indicators. Feedlot 1 showed positive net and gross margins, which points out that it can survive in the short and medium term; Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, estudar a rentabilidade da terminação de bovinos de corte em confinamento. Especificamente, pretendeu-se, ainda, identificar os componentes dos custos total e operacional efetivo, que foram mais relevantes no custo da arroba de carne produzida e estimar o ponto de equilíbrio. A coleta de dados foi de janeiro a dezembro de 2009, em dois sistemas de produção de bovinos de corte, localizados em Sete Lagoas -MG (confinamento 1) e Carmo de Minas -MG (confinamento 2). O processamento eletrônico dos dados e a análise de rentabilidade foram realizados, utilizando-se o software Cu$to Bovino Corte ® , considerando-se a margem bruta, a margem líquida e o resultado (lucro ou prejuízo) como indicadores de eficiência econômica. O confinamento 1 não apresentou viabilidade econômica, mas obteve margens líquida e bruta positivas, o que indica que a atividade pode sobreviver no curto e médio prazos; o confinamento 2, por apresentar margens bruta e líquida e resultado positivos, demonstra que a atividade tem possibilidade de manter-se no longo prazo e com possibilidade de expansão. Os itens que apresentaram maiores representatividades sobre o custo total da atividade foram, em ordem decrescente, para o confinamento 1: aquisição de animais, alimentação, mão de obra e depreciação; e, para o confinamento 2: aquisição de animais, alimentação, despesas diversas (aluguel de máquinas, principalmente) e depreciação. Em relação ao custo operacional efetivo, foram, em ordem decrescente, aquisição de animais, alimentação, mão de obra e energia; aquisição de animais, alimentação, despesas diversas (aluguel de máquinas, principalmente) e mão de obra, para os confinamentos 1 e 2, respectivamente.Palavras-chave: custo de produção, lucratividade, pecuária de corte.

This trial aimed to evaluate the effects of thyme essential oils (EO) on rumen parameters, nutrient digestibility and nitrogen balance in wethers fed with high-concentrate diet. Twenty rumen-cannulated wethers were blocked according to body weight (BW= 64.0±2.1kg), and received one of the following treatments: 25mg of monensin/kg of dry matter (DM; MON) or doses of thyme EO (1.25, 2.50 or 3.75g/kg of DM). The diet was composed of 90% concentrate. Thyme EO was composed mainly by thymol (46.6% of DM) and p-cymene (38.9% of DM). The nutrient intake and apparent digestibility were similar among treatments. The inclusion of 3.75g of thyme EO tended (P= 0.07) to increase butyrate compared to MON and 1.25OE and wethers fed with 1.25g of thyme EO tended (P= 0.07) to decrease ruminal pH on the 14th day compared to MON. The treatments did not affect acetate:propionate ratio, total short chain fatty acids (SCFA) and nitrogen retention. Results from this study suggest that adding thyme EO to high-concentrate diets may be used as an alternative to monensin as feed additive in feedlot lambs.

RIBEIRO, A. D. B. Use of essential oil of thyme (thymus vulgaris) in sheep diets. [Uso de óleo essencial de tomilho (Thymus vulgaris) na dieta de ovinos]. 2015. 96 f.