The indigenous peoples of Southern Africa have a tradition of using restorative justice practices. The region has used restorative justice practices primarily until European colonization had enforced a Western criminal justice and legal system. During and after colonization, Southern Africa has continued to use traditional methods for public safety and resolving conflicts in communities. This led to governments having a dual system in which nonserious violations are usually handled in the traditional courts, and the more serious crimes are handled in the formal criminal courts.

School resource officers (SRO) have been involved in the American school system for about 70 years. SRO programs began in the early 1950s beginning within a school district in Flint, Michigan. Since the start of SRO programs, police officers were predominately placed in schools with a high percentage of African American students and in low-income communities. School administration had implemented a program to station law enforcement officers in the school because of crime, drugs, and violence within the school. The community in the Flint School District had a lot of racial discrimination and elevated levels of racial inequality and segregation. As school administrators and community leaders in this era often blamed minority youth for juvenile delinquency and school-related security issues they pushed for law enforcement to combat these problems.

The paper examines the history and current state of cannabis-related laws and enforcement and argues for reformed policies. The history of cannabis laws has been used to control, punish, and oppress marginalized groups of people and reinforce the power structures that were established during colonial rule. The discriminatory policies have disproportionately especially hurt Black, Brown, and Indigenous people with harsh punishment for those who use the cannabis plant which has various medicinal, social, religious, cultural, and textile uses. The strict laws that criminalize cannabis harm society by enforcing an environment that empowers violent organized crime groups and pharmaceutical companies who profit off cannabis being illegal. Cannabis reform including decriminalization and legalization may be a viable option for many nations to consider as a harm reduction strategy.

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The chapter will provide an overview of the life, crimes, and trial of Anna Sorokin better known as Anna Delvey. Anna had invented a false persona and life so that people would think she was a rich German heiress instead of her real identity of a woman from a working-class Russian family. Anna used her false identity to defraud banks, hotels, and friends for about $275,000. Anna's life became internationally known with her story being published in major news and media articles including podcasts, 60 Minutes, HBO, a $300,000 book deal to her former friend Rachel Williams, and a $320,000 Netflix deal for Anna. Anna was arrested and convicted in 2019 and was sentenced to four to 12 years in New York State. After her release from prison, she was arrested again by U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement and held for overstaying her visa.