Anemia is a global public health problem with major consequences for human health. About a quarter of the world population shows a hemoglobin concentration that is below the recommended thresholds. Non-invasive methods for monitoring and identifying potential risk of anemia and smartphone-based devices to perform this task are promising in addressing this pathology. We have considered some well-known studies carried out on this topic since the main purpose of this work was not to produce a review. The first group of papers describes the approaches for the clinical evaluation of anemia focused on different human exposed tissues, while we used a second group to overview some technologies, basic methods, and principles of operation of some devices and highlight some technical problems. Results extracted from the second group of papers examined were aggregated in two comparison tables. A growing interest in this topic is demonstrated by the increasing number of papers published recently. We believe we have identified several critical issues in the published studies, including those published by us. Just as an example, in many papers the dataset used is not described. With this paper we wish to open a discussion on these issues. Few papers have been sufficient to highlight differences in the experimental conditions and this makes the comparison of the results difficult. Differences are also found in the identification of the regions of interest in the tissue, descriptions of the datasets, and other boundary conditions. These critical issues are discussed together with open problems and common mistakes that probably we are making. We propose the definition of a road-map and a common agenda for research on this topic. In this sense, we want to highlight here some issues that seem worthy of common discussion and the subject of synergistic agreements. This paper, and in particular, the discussion could be the starting point for an open debate about the dissemination of our experiments and pave the way for further updates and improvements of what we have outlined.

Only in the last years, Sustainable Open Innovation has become a unique issue from the convergence between the concept of Open Innovation and sustainability as well as a challenge for the future business models of companies. Given that the aim to build a more sustainable world is one of the most relevant targets to reach over the world, the present work has focused on how Open Innovation is a catalyst for sustainability, by proposing a model for the case study in an underdeveloped sector, such as the energy one. Specifically, through the analysis of the ENEL case study, the relationship between Open Innovation (OI) and a strategic approach to CSR has emerged. The strategic approach to CSR, guided by open leadership aimed at involving stakeholders and creating shared value, creates an organizational culture and an environment favorable to the development of Open Innovation strategies; furthermore, the Open Innovation processes support the integration of the social, environmental, and economic objectives of companies. The findings show how Open Innovation can address sustainability practices and objectives. Through the application of the framework called SKiN, which provides a qualitative and replicable tool, the study allows to evaluate the organizational permeability as a critical success factor for both sustainability strategies and innovation.