Utilization of bio-fertilizer is an alternative option to maintain the available phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) in the soil. To develop such a bio-fertilizer, the ability of microbes to solubilize phosphate and potassium is one of the most important things. A set of experiments was conducted to evaluate the ability of some microbes (7 bacteria and 7 fungi isolates) to solubilize the hardly soluble P (Ca3PO4, AlPO4, FePO4 and Blora rock phosphate) and K (Malang feldspar) sources in vitro. The results showed that the solubilization rate of hardly soluble P and K sources by microbes are different depending on isolates type and sources applied. The amounts of P released from Ca3PO4, AlPO4, FePO4 and rock phosphate in liquid medium were significantly increased by the isolates, respectively up to 8.8, 69.3, 928, 26 times more than the control (un-inoculated). Some of them also significantly increased the solubility of the K containing mineral (feldspar), up to 2.3 times more than the control. Acidification of the medium has been observed to be the most important mechanism for the P and K solubilization, especially for Ca3PO4, AlPO4. The JK1 fungal isolate was the most promising phosphate-potassium solubilizing microbe.
Pupuk organik penting untuk memperbaiki sifat kimia, fisika, dan biologi tanah. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mempelajari peran pupuk kandang sapi dalam menyumbangkan nitrogen (N) pada tanaman padi sawah dengan teknik isotop 15N. Penelitian dilakukan di tanah sawah Jayamukti, Karawang Jawa Barat. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan 6 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Perlakuan yang diberikan adalah pupuk kandang dengan dosis 0 t ha-1, 0 t ha-1 + 300 kg N ha-1, 5 t ha-1 + 300 kg N ha-1, 10 t ha-1 + 300 kg N ha-1, 15 t ha-1 + 300 kg N ha-1, 20 t ha-1 + 300 kg N ha-1. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi pupuk organik dengan dosis 20 t/ha disertai dengan urea 300 kg N ha-1 dapat meningkatkan hasil berat kering gabah secara nyata sebanyak 64,75% dari perlakuan kontrol tanpa pupuk kandang dan tanpa N. Aplikasi pupuk kandang sebesar 15 t ha-1 ditambah N rekomendasi berpengaruh nyata dalam meningkatkan sumbangan N berasal dari tanah pada jerami sebesar 19,98% dari perlakuan tanpa pupuk kandang + N. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pemberian pupuk kandang mampu meningkatkan sumbangan atau kontribusi hara terutama N yang berasal dari tanah pada tanaman padi sawah.
ABSTRAK, and a mixture of those three microbes (ABC) were used as biofertilizers, and applied directly on plant grown in pots. Randomized Block Design (RBD) was used in this experiment with six treatments and four replicates. The measured parameters were nitrogen (N) uptake, N derived from the soil, N derived from fertilizer, and plant dry weight. These parameters were determined at 20 days after planting. N derived from biofertilizer and N derived from soil were determined by N-15 isotope technique. The results showed that ABC treatment most significanly increase the total N plant (142,42%) and plant dry weight plant (129.03%) by the control plant. Based on N-15 isotope technique analysis showed that the significantly contribution to increase N plant was found in ABC treatment (67.92%).
Fosfat alam dapat ditingkatkan kelarutannya melalui proses kimia dan menghasilkan pupuk P kimia mudah larut. Namun dalam proses pembuatannya memerlukan biaya dan jumlah bahan kimia yang relatif besar. Salah satu alternatif untuk meningkatkan kelarutan fosfat alam adalah menggunakan mikroba pelarut fosfat, termasuk golongan fungi yang dilaporkan memiliki kemampuan pelarutan P tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (i) mengevaluasi kemampuan 5 isolat fungi pelarut fosfat (FPF) dalam melarutkan P dari 3 jenis fosfat alam (fosfat alam asal Mesir, Yordania, dan Maroko), dan (ii) mengevaluasi hubungan P terlarut dengan pH media. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa isolat FPF yang diuji meningkatkan kelarutan fosfat alam secara signifikan. Kelarutan P maksimum pada pelarutan fosfat alam Mesir dicapai oleh isolat JK2 (211,8 µg P ml-1), fosfat alam Yordania oleh JK1 (325,1 µg P ml-1) dan fosfat alam Maroko oleh SS10.6 (118,7 µg P ml-1). Terdapat korelasi negatif signifikan antara nilai P terlarut dengan nilai pH media. Besarnya nilai P terlarut dan pH media berfluktuasi dengan pola fluktuasi yang berbeda antara masing-masing isolat.
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