Essential oils from the leaf and twig of Polyalthia suberosa (Roxb.) Thwaites were analyzed using GC/MS/FID. A total of sixty‐three constituents were namely identified accounting for 96.03 and 94.12 % in the hydrodistilled oils of the leaf and twig, respectively. Monoterpenes, monoterpenoids, sesquiterpenes, and sesquiterpenoids were characteristic derivatives of P. suberosa essential oils. Sesquiterpenes bicyclogermacrene (26.26 %) and (E)‐caryophyllene (7.79 %), and monoterpene β‐pinene (12.71 %) were the major constituents of the leaf oil. Sesquiterpenes (E)‐caryophyllene (17.17 %) and α‐humulene (9.55 %), sesquiterpenoid caryophyllene oxide (9.41 %), and monoterpenes camphene (8.16 %) and tricyclene (6.35 %) were to be main components in the twig oil. The leaf oil indicated cytotoxic activity against three cancer cell lines HepG2, MCF7 and A549 with the IC50 values of 60.96–69.93 μg/mL, while the twig oil inhibited MCF7 with the IC50 value of 66.70 μg/mL. Additionally, the twig oil successfully suppressed the growth of the negative Gram bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa, fungus Aspergillus niger, and yeast Candida albicans with the same MIC value of 50 μg/mL, whereas the leaf oil had the same result on the negative Gram bacterium Escherichia coli.

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The hydro-distilled essential oil from the fresh aerial part of Orchidantha vietnamica K. Larsen collected from Lamdong-Vietnam was analyzed by GC-FID (Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detection) and GC-MS (Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy) for the first time. The oil was characterized by the presence of volatile compounds type terpenoids, in which oxygenated monoterpenes (30.04 %) and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (37.32 %) are the major components. The oxygenated monoterpene linalool reached the highest percentage of 16.66 %, followed by the sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (E)-caryophyllene (11.4 %), α-humulene (8.00 %), and bicyclogermacrene (6.93 %). Monoterpene hydrocarbons, oxygenated sesquiterpenoids, oxygenated diterpenes, carotenoids, and others are also detected in this oil (< 3.00 %). The essential oil of O. vietnamica aerial part showed antimicrobial activity against two pathogenic bacterial strains Escherichia coli ATCC 8739 and Candida albicans ATCC 10231 with the same MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) value of 200 µg/mL.

Phytochemical investigation applying GC (gas chromatography)-MS (mass spectrometry)/GC-FID (flame ionization detection) on the hydro-distilled essential oils of the Vietnamese medicinal plant Uvaria boniana leaf and twig lead to the detection of 35 constituents (97.36%) in the leaf oil and 52 constituents (98.75%) in the twig oil. Monoterpenes, monoterpenoids, sesquiterpenes, and sesquiterpenoids were characteristic of U. boniana essential oils. The leaf oil was represented by major components (E)-caryophyllene (16.90%), bicyclogermacrene (15.95%), α-humulene (14.96%), and linalool (12.40%), whereas four compounds α-cadinol (16.16%), epi-α-muurolol (10.19%), α-pinene (11.01%), and β-pinene (8.08%) were the main ones in the twig oil. As compared with the leaf oil, the twig oil was better in antimicrobial activity. With the same MIC value of 40 mg/mL, the twig oil successfully controlled the growth of Gram (+) bacterium Bacillus subtilis, Gram (−) bacterium Escherichia coli, fungus Aspergillus niger, and yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In addition, both two oil samples have induced antiinflammatory activity with the IC50 values of 223.7–240.6 mg/mL in NO productive inhibition when BV2 cells had been stimulated by LPS. Docking simulations of four major compounds of U. boniana twig oil on eight relevant antibacterial targets revealed that epi-α-muurolol and α-cadinol are moderate inhibitors of E. coli DNA gyrase subunit B, penicillin binding protein 2X and penicillin binding protein 3 of Pseudomonas aeruginosa with similar free binding energies of −30.1, −29.3, and −29.3 kJ/mol, respectively. Furthermore, in silico ADMET studies indicated that all four docked compounds have acceptable oral absorption, low metabolism, and appropriated toxicological profile to be considered further as drug candidates.

In continuation of developing new cytotoxic compounds, six azacrownophanes containing both 2,4,6-triarylpyridine and 2,6-bis(phenoxymethyl)pyridine moieties were synthesized successfully by one-step domino-condensation of podand 2,6-bis[(2-acetophenyl)oxymethyl]pyridine, arylaldehydes and ammonium acetate according to the conditions of Hantzsch reactions. The compounds 5a-c were selected for cytotoxicity evaluations against human cell lines (HepG2, Lu1, RD, FL and MCF-7). Compound 5b showing the highest cytotoxicity is interesting for the development of promising anticancer drugs.