No abstract
Health professionals are both a health system input and an active component of the functions that the health system performs. As such, the performance of the health workforce is directly linked to the quality of health services. Regulation is essential to define a clear framework within which health professionals acquire and maintain the competence needed to provide health services that are of high quality, i.e. that are safe, effective and patient-centered. This presentation discusses the evidence on a sequence of strategies that regulate health professionals, looking at how they are currently deployed in Europe, how (cost-)effective they are, and what can be done to optimize their implementation. Adopting a comprehensive perspective ranging from the entry into training to life-long maintenance and demonstration of competence, the presentation brings together a) strategies to develop professional competence (including training structure and contents, curriculum development and the accreditation of institutions for health education); b) strategies that regulate the entry of physicians and nurses into their professions (e.g. licensing and registration); c) mechanisms to maintain competence (e.g. continuing professional development); and d) levers to address instances when fitness to practice comes into question.
Objective In April 2015, the English National Health Service started implementing the first waiting time targets in mental health care. This study aims to investigate the effect of the 14-day waiting time target for early intervention in psychosis (EIP) services after the first six months of its implementation. Study design We analyse a cohort of first-episode psychosis patients from the English administrative Mental Health and Learning Disabilities Dataset 2011 to 2015. We compare patients being treated by EIP services (treatment) with those receiving care from standard community mental health services (control). We combine non-parametric matching with a difference-indifference approach to account for observed and unobserved group differences. We analyse the probability of waiting below target and look at different percentiles of the waiting time distribution. Results EIP patients had an 11.6-18.4 percentage point higher chance of waiting below target post-policy compared to standard care patients. However, post-policy trends at different percentiles of the waiting time distribution were not different between groups. Conclusions Mental health providers seem to respond to waiting time targets in a similar way as physical health providers. The increased proportion waiting below target did not, however, result in an overall improvement across the waiting time distribution.
Zusammenfassung Ziel der Studie Ziel der Studie ist a) die Prävalenzerfassung psychosozialer Notfälle in der Notaufnahme, b) die Ermittlung des Anteils der nicht als (Neben‑)Diagnose kodierten psychosozialen Fälle (Dunkelziffer) und c) die Charakterisierung identifizierter Patient*innen. Methodik In einer retrospektiven Studie wurden psychosoziale Notfälle einer Kalenderwoche aus der Routinedokumentation der zentralen Notaufnahme (ZNA) der Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charité Campus Mitte (CCM) identifiziert. Nach Ausschluss von geplant aufgenommenen Fällen wurden 862 Patient*innen in die Studie eingeschlossen. Die identifizierten psychosozialen Notfälle wurden hinsichtlich ihrer soziodemografischen und klinischen Merkmale deskriptiv analysiert und mit anderen Notfällen verglichen. Ergebnisse Die Prävalenz psychosozialer Notfälle unter Notaufnahmepatient*innen im angegebenen Zeitraum betrug 11,9 % (n = 103). Ein Großteil der psychosozialen Notfälle war in den Diagnosen nicht (35,9 %) oder nicht vollständig (20,4 %) kodiert. Es gab einen statistisch relevanten Unterschied in der Geschlechterverteilung mit einem signifikant höheren Männeranteil unter den psychosozialen Notfällen (70,9 %) im Vergleich zu anderen Notfällen (50,7 %; p < 0,0001). Die 2 häufigsten Behandlungsanlässe unter den psychosozialen Notfällen waren Substanzmissbrauch (66,0 %) und Obdachlosigkeit (20,4 %). Schlussfolgerungen Diese Studie zeigt einen relevanten Anteil an in den Routinedaten dokumentierten psychosozialen Behandlungsanlässen an allen Behandlungsanlässen in der Notaufnahme und einen hohen Anteil von in den kodierten Diagnosen nicht erfassten Fällen (Dunkelziffer) auf. Notaufnahmen stellen somit eine wichtige Anlaufstelle für vulnerable Patient*innengruppen dar, die dort bisher nicht ausreichend identifiziert werden.
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