The current study was designed to give more knowledge and helping to exploit the leaves of the plants L. stoechas collected in Tlemcen region in the west of Algeria by determining the anti-corrosive activity of its essential oil. The inhibitory efficiency of the essential oil of the plant obtained by hydrodistillation and characterized by GC and GC/MS was studied using gravimetric and electrochemical methods (polarization curves and electrochemical impedance). The effect of temperature on the corrosion behavior of the steel and the inhibitory efficiency was studied in a temperature range of 303-323 K at 2 g/L. The surface morphology of the samples immersed in 1 M HCl for 24 h, before and after adding inhibitor at (2 g/L at 30 °C) was analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) Quanta 250 with tungsten filament from the company FEI. Results show that the addition of the essential oil of the plant to the medium induces a diminish in the rate of corrosion and augmentation in the inhibitory efficiency of the oil. We established that the inhibition efficiency increase with concentration of the essential oil of lavender to attain 76.19% at 2 g/L. Polarization curves revealed that lavender oil react as a mixed-type inhibitor. EIS spectra exhibit one capacitive loop and confirm the inhibitive ability, and the changes in impedance parameters were indicative of adsorption of essential oil of lavender on the metal surface. The thermodynamic parameters indicate that the adsorption of the molecules of the oil takes place according to the Langmuir isotherm in the corrosive medium studied and that they are physisorbed on the metal surface. The analysis of the surface by electron microscopy demonstrates the absence of surface attack patterns in the presence of the oil. The results obtained from different tested techniques were in good agreement.

Most SHR lines are resistant to hypertensive renal disease. However, the SHR-A3 line (stroke-prone SHR or SHRSP) experiences end organ injury (EOI) and provides a model that can be used to uncover genetic causation. In the present study we have generated a congenic line in which three distinct disease loci in SHR-A3 are concurrently replaced with the homologous loci from an injury-resistant SHR line (SHR-B2). Verification that all three loci were homozygously replaced in this triple congenic line (SHR-A3(Trip B2)) while the genetic background of SHR-A3 was fully retained was obtained by whole genome sequencing. Congenic genome substitution was without effect on systolic blood pressure (198.9 ± 3.34 mmHg, mean ± SEM, SHR-A3(Trip B2) = 194.7 ± 2.55 mmHg). Measures of renal injury (albuminuria, histological injury scores and urinary biomarker levels) were reduced in SHR-A3(Trip B2) animals, even though only 4.5Mbases of the 2.8Gbases of the SHR-B2 genome (0.16% of the genome) was transferred into the congenic line. The gene content of the 3 congenic loci and the functional effects of gene polymorphism within suggest a role of immunoglobulin in EOI pathogenesis. To prove the role of antibodies in EOI in SHR-A3, we generated an SHR-A3 line in which expression from the immunoglobulin heavy (IGH) chain gene was knocked out. Animals in the SHR-A3-IGHKO line lack B cells and immunoglobulin, but the hypertensive phenotype is not affected. Renal injury, however, was reduced in this line confirming a pathogenic role for immunoglobulin in hypertensive EOI in this model of heritable risk.

A simple and novel reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method employing Triart C18 column has been developed and validated for the estimation of oxalic acid content in sodium ascorbate drug substance and drug product. Forced degradation study of sodium ascorbate was performed at acid, base, oxidative, photolytic and thermal stress conditions. Oxalic acid was found as final degradants. The separation was achieved in isocratic mode using mixture of tetrabutylammonium hydroxide-phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) and acetonitrile in the ratio of 80:20; v/v as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL min–1 using UV detector. The method was validated as per the ICH guideline (Q2R1) for accurate and precise quantification of oxalic acid content in sodium ascorbate. The obtained limit of quantification of oxalic acid was 0.034%. Mean recovery of oxalic acid was found to be 98.9 ± 8.7%. Presented method could be applied for the estimation of oxalic acid content in sodium ascorbate at pharmaceutical laboratories.

Muscular dystrophies are a group of genetic neuromuscular disorders that involve severe muscle wasting. Transforming growth factor β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) is an important signaling protein that regulates cell survival, growth, and inflammation. TAK1 has been recently found to promote myofiber growth in the skeletal muscle of adult mice. However, the role of TAK1 in muscle diseases remains poorly understood. In the present study, we have investigated how TAK1 affects the progression of dystrophic phenotype in the mdx mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). TAK1 is highly activated in the dystrophic muscle of mdx mice during the peak necrotic phase. While targeted inducible inactivation of TAK1 inhibits myofiber injury in young mdx mice, it results in reduced muscle mass and contractile function. TAK1 inactivation also causes loss of muscle mass in adult mdx mice. By contrast, forced activation of TAK1 through overexpression of TAK1 and TAB1 induces myofiber growth without having any deleterious effect on muscle histopathology. Collectively, our results suggest that TAK1 is a positive regulator of skeletal muscle mass and targeted regulation of TAK1 can suppress myonecrosis and ameliorate disease progression in DMD.