We present an interesting case with nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) accompanied by Buerger's disease. A 43-year-old man was referred to our neuro-ophthalmology clinic with a complaint of visual deterioration in the left eye that started 5 days ago. He suffered from Buerger's disease, and he had acute pain in the right lower limb below the knee. His best corrected visual acuity was 10/10 in the right eye and 2/10 in the left eye by Snellen chart. There was a relative afferent pupil defect in the left eye. The right optic disc was normal on fundus examination, and blurring, hemorrhagic swelling was found at the left optic disc. Inferior altitudinal visual field defect was observed in the left eye. Neurological examination was normal. Computed tomography angiography scan revealed occlusion in the right posterior tibial artery. Brain imaging and laboratory tests such as blood analyses, genetic screening, coagulation, and lipid panels were unremarkable. NAION may occur in patients with Buerger's disease, but it is extremely rare. Therefore, clinicians should be aware of this rare association.

ÖZOn üç yaşında erkek hasta ilerleyici görme azlığı yakınmasıyla başvurdu. Semptomları 3 yıl önce başlamış ve son 2 yıldır kötüleşmişti. Aile öyküsünde benzer yakınmaya sahip birey yoktu. Travma, inflamatuvar veya infeksiyöz oküler hastalık öyküsü yoktu. Düzeltilmiş en iyi görme keskinliği her iki gözünde 0.3 idi. Refraksiyon her iki gözde +2.50 diyoptri idi. Yüksek çözünürlüklü optik koherens tomografi (OKT) incelemesinde bilateral foveal kesitlerde foveanın merkezinde nörosensöriyel retinanın geniş hiporeflektif kistoid boşluklar ile bölündüğü ve perifoveal alanda iç ve dış retinal tabakaların arasında küçük kistik boşlukların olduğu köprü formu vardı. Çalışmamızda, konjenital retinoskizis tanısı alan olgunun yüksek çözünürlüklü OKT bulguları incelendi. Ayrıca hastalığın yönetimiyle ilgili güncel gelişmeler sunuldu.Anahtar kelimeler: Konjenital retinoskizis, maküla, yüksek çözünürlüklü optik koherans tomografi ABSTRACTA 13-year-old-male patient presented with a complaint of progressive visual. His symptoms started 3 years ago and worsened within the past 2 years. There was no one with a family history of similar complaints. He had no previous history of trauma, inflammatory or infectious ocular disease. He had a best-corrected visual acuity of 0.3 in both eyes. Refraction was +2.50 diopters in both eyes. The foveal sections examined with high-resolution optical coherence tomography (OCT) demonstrated wide hyporeflective cystoid spaces that split the neurosensory retina at the center of the fovea and small cystic space that formed bridges between the outer and inner retinal layers in perifoveal area bilaterally. In our study high-resolution OCT findings in patient diagnosed with congenital retinoschisis were analyzed. Also, the current developments related to management of the disease were presented.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major public health problem. Liver diseases such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma are the main causes of mortality and morbidity associated with this viral infection. Ocular manifestations may also arise during the course of HBV infection. We herein present a 44-year-old male with bilateral optic neuropathy revealing chronic HBV infection.

PURPOSE: To investigate optical coherence tomography (OCT) biomarker data on visual recovery in treatment-naïve diabetic macular edema (DME) and follow the results of intravitreal ranibizumab (RNB), aflibercept (AFL), and dexamethasone (DEX) implant administration within the 1st year of the pro re nata treatment regimen. METHODS: One hundred and twenty eyes of 102 patients were enrolled in the study. The patients medical records were analyzed retrospectively. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central macular thickness (CMT), type of DME, presence of subretinal fluid, number and localization of hyperreflective dots, vitreomacular interface disorders, disorganization of the retinal inner layer (DRIL), inner segment/outer segment (IS/OS) junction-external limiting membrane (ELM) status, intraretinal cyst diameter and localization, and subfoveal choroidal thickness were examined in all patients. RESULTS: A statistically significant increase in BCVA and a decrease in CMT were detected in all treatment groups. When cases were evaluated in terms of BCVA before and after treatment, statistically significant differences were observed in the RNB and AFL groups at 1 and 4 months and in the DEX group during the 1st year. In terms of OCT biomarkers, visual recovery was obtained in cases of intact IS/OS-ELM and non-DRIL patients. In the serous macular detachment group, more visual gain was achieved with the RNB (1 and 4 months) and AFL (1, 4, and 6 months) agents compared to the DEX implant. On the other hand, in the group with cystoid macular edema, more visual gain was achieved with RNB compared to the DEX implant in all months, but more visual gain was achieved only in the 1st month with AFL administration. CONCLUSION: Significant improvement was achieved for both BCVA and CMT in all treatment groups. We expect that OCT-based prognostic factors will become more important in the treatment of DME and will be determining factors in the choice of treatment.

A 32-year-old man presented to our clinic with complaint of vision loss in both eyes (oculus utro; OU). Past medical history revealed that he had been exposed to high-voltage electrical current that passed through the temporal region of the head 2 months ago. Slit-lamp examination demonstrated cortico-nuclear cataract and mature cataract in his right eye (oculus dexter; OD) and left eye (oculus sinister; OS), respectively. On fundus examination, a macular hole was observed in OD. Optic atrophy and foveal atrophy were observed in the left fundus examination after cataract surgery. Simultaneous cataract, maculopathy and optic atrophy may occur after high-voltage electrical current injury. Therefore, clinicians should perform detailed anterior and posterior segment examinations in such patients.