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Background: Preeclampsia/eclampsia is the third leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to evaluate the incidence and severity of spinal-induced hypotension in preeclamptic and healthy parturients. Material & Methods: A total of 60 pregnant patients undergoing a C-Section with spinal anesthesia were randomly allocated into two groups. Group I: Preeclamptic 0.5%, 2.5cc (12.5mg) Hyperbaric Bupivacaine group: 30 patients. Group II: Normotensive 0.5%, 2.5cc (12.5mg) Hyperbaric Bupivacaine group: 30 patients.  The blood pressure values were recorded before spinal anesthesia and 2.5 minutes after a spinal puncture. Results: The mean age of the study group was 25.17+3.61 years (Mean +S.D.) and range is 18-30Years. The BP falls from baseline were significantly greater in the healthy parturients compared to those with preeclampsia (25.8% ± 10.1 vs 18.8% ± 17.0 for SBP, 28.5% ± 8.8 vs 22.5% ± 10.4 for DBP, and 31.2% ± 14.2 vs 18.2% ± 12.6% for MAP, p < 0.05). The incidence rate of hypotension in preeclamptic was 53% compared to 25% in healthy parturients (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The incidence of spinal-induced hypotension associated with patients undergoing C-Section is more in preeclamptic than in healthy parturients.

Objectives: To evaluate changes in Pulmonary Function Test (PFT) parameters in individuals with paraplegia following Partial Body Weight Supported Treadmill Training (PBWSTT). Design: Randomized controlled trial Setting: Inpatient rehabilitation facility Participants: Adults with chronic SCI (n = 42). Intervention: Patients were randomly allocated in CR group (N= 20) receiving Conventional Rehabilitation or in PBWSTT group (N=22) receiving both Conventional Rehabilitation and PBWSTT for 4 weeks. Main outcome measure(s): Changes in % predicted PFT parameter for the subject’s age, sex and BMI. Results: With PBWSTT, significant PFT changes were VC (P =.009), PEF (p = .001) and ERV (p = .032). In complete SCI, PEF (p = .026) improved, while in incomplete SCI VC (p = .005), ERV (p = .029), PEF( p = .001) improved with PBWSTT. In upper neurological level of injury (NLI) (T6-T11), PBWSTT improved PEF (p = .004) alone while in lower NLI (T12-L2), with PBWSTT both ERV (p = .016) and PEF (p = .035) improved. Conclusions: With added PBWSTT most parameters including Vital Capacity, the global measure of PFT, improved significantly, especially in Lower NLI and incomplete SCI. The positive role of this noninvasive exercise based intervention in improving lung functions comes as an added benefit to the usual benefit of locomotion. This may encourage researchers to design future larger studies to validate it aiming the inclusion of PBWSTT in routine SCI rehabilitation protocols.

&lt;p&gt;The stable isotopes of water, &lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt;O and &lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;H, are impacted by climatic events that give them a distinct fingerprint of their source. Investigating the origin of river water requires this fingerprint as a precursor. On an annual basis and at the global level, the flow of moisture from the oceans and its return via rainout and runoff is similar to a dynamic equilibrium. Rivers in the Himalayan region have their moisture source in various end members which include glacier/snow melting, rainfall/runoff, and groundwater/springs. Sutlej River is one such river that travels across the Himalaya and receives its waters from all the aforementioned regions. 105 water samples from 36 different locations have been collected from the Upper Sutlej River Basin in the pre-monsoon, post-monsoon, and lean seasons to study the isotope system of surface water in the basin. A seasonal cycle with high &amp;#948;&lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt;O and &amp;#948;D values (&amp;#8240;) during the pre-monsoon (March to May; &amp;#8722;14.42, &amp;#8722;114.94), intermediate values during the winter (lean season) (December to February; &amp;#8722;12.63, &amp;#8722;105.10), and low values during the post-monsoon (October to November; &amp;#8722;12.13, &amp;#8722;101.6) is observed. The river falls in the western Himalaya that receives precipitation both from the Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) as well as from the Western Disturbances (WDs). The intercept and the d-excess values in the water samples fluctuate due to the variable contributions from these two moisture sources and the related rainfall in different seasons which are generally higher than the global meteoric waters. The 168-hour back trajectories in different seasons using HYSPLIT model converging at a height of 4,200 m a.s.l. (mean elevation of the Upper segment of the catchment) for moisture source identification have shown that winds mainly blow from south or south-east with moisture source from the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal in summer and monsoon seasons, whereas in winter and spring seasons winds blow mainly from the west bringing moisture from the Central Asian and Eurasian water bodies through Western Disturbances. The results of HYSPLIT model and isotopic analysis indicate a dominant contribution of Western Disturbances and glacier melt in the upper segment of the basin which is consistent with recent data on glacier retreats in the Himalayan region.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Keywords: Himalayan Rivers, Sutlej River, Stable Isotopes, Western Disturbances, Indian Summer Monsoon.&lt;/p&gt;

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