“Layered”/“cation-ordered”/O3-type
Li-TM-oxides (TM: transition metal) suffer from
structural instability due to “TM migration”
from the TM layer to the Li layer upon Li removal (viz., “cation disordering”). This phenomenon
gets exacerbated upon excessive Li removal, with Ni ions being particularly
prone to migration. When used as cathode material in Li-ion batteries,
the “TM migration” and associated structural
changes cause rapid impedance buildup and capacity fade, thus limiting
the cell voltages to ≤4.3 V for stable operation and lowering
the usable Li-storage capacity (concomitantly, energy density). Looking
closely at the “TM migration” pathway, one
realizes that the tetrahedral site (t-site) of the
Li layer forms an intermediate site. Accordingly, the present work
explores a new idea concerning suppression of “Ni migration”
by “blocking” the intermediate crystallographic site
(viz., the t-site) with a dopant,
which is the most stable at that site. In this regard, density functional
theory (DFT)-based simulations indicate that the concerned t-site is energetically the most preferred and stable site
for d
10 Zn2+. Detailed analysis
of crystallographic data (including bond valence sum) obtained with
the as-prepared Zn-doped Li-NMC supports the same. Furthermore, the
simulations also predict that Zn doping is likely to suppress “Ni
migration” upon Li removal. Supporting these predictions, galvanostatic
delithiation/lithiation studies with Zn-doped and undoped Li-NMCs
demonstrate significantly improved cyclic stability, near-complete
suppression of “cation mixing”, and negligible buildup
of impedance (as well as potential hysteresis) for the former, even
upon being subjected to long-term cycling using a high upper cut-off
potential of 4.7 V (vs Li/Li+). Accordingly, such subtle
tuning of the composition and structure, in the light of electronic
configuration of the dopant and specific crystallographic site occupancy,
is likely to pave the way toward the development of Ni-containing
stable high voltage O3-type Li-TM-oxide cathodes for the
next-generation Li-ion batteries.
The layered sodium transition metal oxide, NaTMO2 (TM = transition metal), with a binary or ternary phases has displayed outstanding electrochemical performance as a new class of strategy cathode materials for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). Herein, an in‐depth phase analysis of developed Na1−xTMO2 cathode materials, Na0.76Ni0.20Fe0.40Mn0.40O2 with P2‐ and O3‐type phases (NFMO‐P2/O3) is offered. Structural visualization on an atomic scale is also provided and the following findings are unveiled: i) the existence of a mixed‐phase intergrowth layer distribution and unequal distribution of P2 and O3 phases along two different crystal plane indices and ii) a complete reversible charge/discharge process for the initial two cycles that displays a simple phase transformation, which is unprecedented. Moreover, first‐principles calculations support the evidence of the formation of a binary NFMO‐P2/O3 compound, over the proposed hypothetical monophasic structures (O3, P3, O′3, and P2 phases). As a result, the synergetic effect of the simultaneous existence of P‐ and O‐type phases with their unique structures allows an extraordinary level of capacity retention in a wide range of voltage (1.5–4.5 V). It is believed that the insightful understanding of the proposed materials can introduce new perspectives for the development of high‐voltage cathode materials for SIBs.
Five isomorphous AMVO vanadates of niobium and tantalum, namely, BaNbVO, BaTaVO, SrNbVO, SrTaVO, and PbTaVO, were prepared by solid-state reactions and structurally characterized by single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction techniques. Barium and strontium compounds, respectively, have centrosymmetric and noncentrosymmetric types of layered structure, wherein [MVO] anionic layers are interleaved with A cations. Both types of layered structure are found for lead compound. The strontium and lead compounds are type I phase-matching materials with second-harmonic-generating efficiencies of 33-50% of LiNbO, and their dielectric properties were evaluated. A three-dimensional structural variant was also identified for strontium compounds, which crystallize in noncentrosymmetric orthorhombic space group C222.
Electrode Materials
In article number 2202137, Kee‐Sun Sohn, Tae Joo Shin, Docheon Ahn, Jun Lu, and co‐workers report an in‐depth phase analysis of their developed Na1−xTMO2 cathode materials with P2‐ and O3‐type phases for Na‐ion rechargeable batteries, providing structural visualization on an atomic scale and unveiling the existence of a mixed‐phase intergrowth layer distribution and unequal distribution of P2 and O3 phases. The synergetic effect of the simultaneous existence of P‐ and O‐type phases and their unique structures allows an extraordinary level of capacity retention in a wide range of voltage (1.5–4.5 V).
Eight new quaternary vanadates of niobium and tantalum, AMV2O8 (A = K, Rb, Tl, Cs; M = Nb, Ta), have been prepared by solid state reactions and structurally characterized by single crystal and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The two cesium compounds, unlike the known CsSbV2O8 with a layered yavapaiite structure, have a new three-dimensional structure and the other six compounds possess the known KSbV2O8 structure type. The three types of [(MV2O8)(-)]∞ anionic frameworks of twelve A(+)M(5+)V2O8 (A = K, Rb, Tl, Cs; M = Nb, Ta, Sb) vanadates could be conceived to be built by different connectivity patterns of M2V4O18 ribbons, which contain MO6 octahedra and VO4 tetrahedra. A structural comparison of these twelve vanadates and the nineteen A(+)M(5+)P2O8 phosphates has been made. The spectroscopic studies of these eight new quaternary vanadates are presented.
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