Aim: To assess the physical and mechanical properties of plaster of Paris (POP) bandage cast used as a splinting and casting materials.Materials and Methods: POP casts were divided into three Groups A, B and C with 2, 3 and 8 layer for POP bandage, respectively (n=6 in each group). Handling characters, technical easiness or difficulties, setting time, weight, diameter and thickness of the casts were recorded for different groups. The casts were mounted on universal testing machine and axial load was applied @ 10 mm/min until failure. The load deflection graphs were plotted. The maximum force at which failure of the casts occurred was recorded. Stress, strain, modulus of elasticity (MOE) and stiffness of casts were calculated.Result: Construction of POP bandage cast was messy and required 45-60 min for hardening. 8 layer POP cast was comparatively heavier in weight and thicker in cross section than 3 layer cast followed by 2 layer cast. Under axial compression, the load bearing capacity of 8 layer POP casts was more than 2 and 3 layer cast. Conclusion:The values of load bearing capacity, stress, stiffness and MOE of cast were the highest for 8 layer POP cast followed by 2 and 3 layer cast. Use if splints with POP cast is recommended due to its poor mechanical properties.

Data on energy consumption, global warming, and carbon di-oxide levels in the environment, industrial pollution, and population is growing extensively which means there are more and more challenges with less sustainability, which leads to think about Green Manufacturing. Consumerism driven consumption in developed countries and population in developing countries is leading to tremendous demand for goods and services. Fulfilling such ever increasing global demands is putting up the pressures on limited resources viz materials and energy. Unfortunately rate of depletion of material and energy has outgrown the rate at which nature recovers stroke restores them back. With this ever widening gap the day is not far for our future generations to strive for basic needs. To overcome this challenge society must embrace sustainable methodologies and practices. Being the source of maximum industrial pollution manufacturing industries must lead the way toward Green Manufacturing. The paper gives an overview of Green Manufacturing, drivers of Green manufacturing, and case studies of Green manufacturing.

Long term durability of alloy 22 weld between the lid and the alloy 22 metal container with High Level Nuclear Waste, in the corrosive environment of Yucca Mountain Repository (YMR) for thousands of years remains a challenge. The different modes of corrosion and rates of corrosion of the alloy 22 weld and the alloy 22 metal in the aqueous electrolytes were electrochemically studied to provide a comparison of the relative propensity of the weld and the metal to corrode in moist chloride environment. Potentiodynamic (PD) Polarization data along with analytical techniques and the Stern Gerlach theory were used to estimate rates of corrosion for both alloy 22 weld and the alloy 22 metal. The studies reported here raise very serious concerns on the long term durability of the welded shut containers in the YMR environment.