Aim: Vitamin D deficiency in early pregnancy may cause the disruption of fetal brain development and neurodevelopmental function. This study aimed to explore the extent of neurodevelopment disruption could be associated with maternal vitamin D deficiency. Methods: A cohort study was conducted in Sukabumi and Waled, West Java, Indonesia, beginning in July 2016. Maternal serum 25(OH)-vitamin D was measured between 10 and 14 weeks of gestational age. Child development was measured using the Ages and Stages Questionnaire-3 (ASQ-3) at age 3, 6 and 12 months. Results: A total of 141 mother-infant pairs participated. One pair was excluded due to anencephaly of the infant. Vitamin D deficiency was found in 27 (19%) mothers, but delays occurred in gross motor function among 104 (76.1%) infants and in problem-solving functions among 61 (43.7%) infants at 3 months old. In general, the mean ASQ score at ages 3 and 6 months were lower among infants whose mothers had a vitamin D deficiency. The mean ASQ score for gross motor function at age 3 months was found to be significantly lower among these infants (31.5 vs. 37.9; P = 0.02), with increased risk for delayed motor function at age 3 months (relative risk (95% confidence interval) = 1.22 (1.09-1.49); P = 0.03). Conclusion: Neurodevelopmental function disruptions among infants whose mothers had vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy were reflected in lower ASQ scores, in which gross motor function was significantly impaired at 3 months of age. CovariateThe covariates in this study were maternal age, parity status, parents' education status (low, middle, high) and parental income. Characteristics of infants included gestational age, gender (male/female), exclusive breastfeeding (yes/no) and complementary feeding.

Mental health in adolescents represent a considerable public health issue in developing countries. These problems are considered a source of problem for adolescents’ quality of life. The study objective was to determine the association between mental health problems and sociodemographic variables among adolescents. A cross-sectional study was conducted from October to December 2016 using a school-based survey in 4 districts and 3 cities in West Java Province, Indonesia. Stratified multistage random sampling was used to select junior and senior high school students and self-administered questionnaires were used to collect study data which included: personal data, socioeconomic status scale, and self-reported version of Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) which divided into 5 subscales. About 3452 adolescents of 32 schools were included in this study, 59% female, 56% junior high school, 56% district residence, most parents’ education were senior high school. The prevalence of mental health problems based on SDQ subscale as total difficulties, conduct problem, emotional symptoms, peer problems, hyperactivity-inattention, were abnormal 31.6, 38.9, 30, 29.3, 15.6, respectively. Mental health problems were more prevalent amongst adolescents in junior high school and residence in district area, with RR and 95% CI were 1.14 (1.04-1.26), and 1.18 (1.08-1.30). As conclusions mental health problems in adolescents were associated with education level and residence area

Background: Depression is one of the most prevalent mental health problems among adolescents. Mental health problems might be the result of child abuse considering that their prevalences are increasing simultaneously in Indonesia. The aim of this study was to determine the association between depression and a history of abuse among adolescents. Methods: An analytic cross-sectional study was conducted on 786 junior high school students from Bandung City, West Java, Indonesia. Subjects were selected using two-stage cluster sampling. The Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) and the ISPCAN Child Abuse Screening Tool (ICAST) questionnaires were applied to assess depression and a history of abuse, respectively. Depression was diagnosed by a psychiatrist after a positive score on the CDI. The data were analysed using chi-square tests and multiple regression. Results: A history of child abuse was associated with depression in adolescents. All dimensions of child abuse had a significant association with depression. Psychological violence had the highest risk factor for the occurrence of depression (PR = 6.51), followed by exposure to violence and physical violence. Sexual violence was not a common dimension of child abuse among students. Psychological violence had the strongest association with depression, and victims were three times more likely to develop depression (POR = 3.302, p = 0.004). Conclusion: Psychological violence was proven to be a strong risk factor for developing depression symptoms among adolescent students. While each victimization domain remained a significant predictor of depression, the experience of multiple domains during a child's life-course may predict mental health risk. Early detection and interventions to prevent abuse and its consequences are critical.