Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the most common causes of vision loss. Advanced forms of AMD are seen in primarily 2 types—neovascular AMD (nAMD) with the presence of choroid neovascularization and nonneovascular AMD (nnAMD) with geographic atrophy. Although there are 4 anti-vascular endothelial growth factor drugs either widely used or approved for the former, there are no current treatments for the latter. This review will highlight upcoming treatments for AMD currently in clinical trials. For nAMD: Abicipar pegol, an intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor based on designed ankyrin repeat proteins (DARPins) is currently pending approval. Conbercept and Faricimab, 2 intravitreal anti-growth factors, are currently in phase 3. Nine other upcoming agents have at least produced results in the 1B/2A phase including intravitreal injections (KSI-301, OPT-302, RGX-314, ICON-1, and DE-122), depot (GB-102), drug reservoir (PDS), topical drops (PAN-90806), and oral formulations (AKST4290). We summarize all the newer molecules.

Introduction Visual acuity (VA) testing is a vital screening tool for the assessment of ocular function. The coronavirus 2019 pandemic has caused an immediate need for synchronous telemedicine in all specialties, including ophthalmology. While a plethora of mobile VA applications exist, there is no consensus as to what technology can accurately and reproducibly measure a patient’s vision at home. Methods A systematic literature search was performed in April 2020 using PubMed, Embase and Medline, identifying English publications from 2010 to 2020 on remote VA tests: 4338 articles were identified and 14 were ultimately included in the review. Results Of those 14, the highest quality studies, best reproducibility and correlation with in-clinic acuities measured were found using the Peek Acuity application. The studies included patients throughout the world aged 3–97, with and without correction, with known ocular pathology. The Peek Acuity studies measured distance vision on a Samsung Galaxy S3 with a mean difference of 0.055 Logarithm of the Minimum Angle of Resolution (LogMAR) for home testing compared with the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS). Test–retest variability was ±0.029 LogMAR for 95% confidence interval limits. Discussion There can be one or more lines of variability in vision testing in a clinical setting using reference standard ETDRS and clinical standard Snellen charts. Test–retest reliability is not perfect even on standard clinical charts (variation up to 0.48 LogMAR). Of the technologies reviewed, Peek Acuity home testing had the greatest correlation with ETDRS clinical vision and high test–retest reliability. Peek Acuity performed no worse than Snellen and ETDRS charts.

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the most common causes of severe vision loss in the developed world. Advanced forms of AMD are seen in primarily 2 types, exudative AMD involving the presence of choroidal neovascularization and nonexudative or dry AMD with geographic atrophy. For the latter, the combination of vitamins and minerals known as the Age-Related Eye Disease Study-2 formulation has been shown to decrease the rate of progression of nonexudative to exudative AMD, as no other treatments are currently approved for nonexudative AMD. This review will highlight upcoming treatments for nonexudative AMD. Six upcoming agents have shown results at least in the 2A phase. This includes intravitreal agents that are inhibitors of integrin (Risuteganib), intravitreal agents that disrupt the complement pathway (Zimura, APL-2), neuroprotective implants (Brimonidine DDS), a subcutaneous injectable (Elamipretide), and photobiomodulation (Valeda Light Delivery System).