In this paper, we present a methodology for classifying normal, atrial fibrillation (AF), non-AF related other abnormal heart rhythms and noisy recordings by analysing single lead ECG signal of short duration. In a two layer binary cascaded approach proposed in our methodology, an unlabelled recording is initially classified into one of the two intermediate classes ('normal+others' and 'AF+noisy') at the first layer before actual classification at the second layer. The Physionet Challenge 2017 dataset containing more than 8500 ECG recordings are used for creation of training models and interval validation. The proposed methodology yields an average F1-score of 0.91, 0.79 and 0.77 respectively in classifying normal, AF and other rhythms on the training dataset using 5-fold cross validation. Results also show that, the said methodology, when applied on a hidden test set maintained by the challenge organisers yields F1-score values of 0.92, 0.86 and 0.74 in classifying the same. IntroductionAtrial Fibrillation (AF) is a common type of heart disease that leads to stroke, heart failure or other complications. Millions of people get affected by AF every year and the prevalence of the disease is likely to increase. Noninvasive detection of AF is a popular area of research for quite a long time. Irregularities in heart beat is considered to be the most common symptom of AF and can be traced in an ECG. However, being an episodic event an accurate detection of AF is not always trivial. Conventional AF detectors ([1], [2], [3]) are mostly of atrial activity analysisbased or ventricular response analysis-based methods. The absence of P waves or the presence of f waves in the TQ interval are searched in atrial activity analysis-based AF detectors. On the other hand, time, frequency and morphological features are extracted from RR intervals to identity the heart beat irregularity in ventricular response analysisbased methods.However, the prior art methods have certain limitations regarding real time deployments. 1) Most of them are validated on clinically accepted 12 lead ECG signals, recorded for a relatively longer duration. 2) Algorithms are mostly applied on carefully selected clean data. However, in practical scenario, ECG signals are often noisy in nature. 3) Size of the test dataset are often not adequate for making a conclusion. 4) Most prior arts perform binary classification between AF and normal recordings only. However, there are many non-AF abnormal rhythms (like tachycardia, bradycardia, arrhythmia etc) which exhibits heart beat pattern similar to AF. Considering them in the in the dataset makes the classification task more challenging. In this paper we propose a robust algorithm for classifying normal, AF, other abnormal rhythms and noisy ECG recordings. The diverse ECG dataset, provided in Physionet challenge 2017 [4] is used for internal performance evaluation and creating the training models. Information regarding individual recordings are not available regarding the other rhythms in the dataset as...

Simple and non-invasive methods to estimate vital signs are very important for preventive healthcare. In this paper, we present a methodology to estimate Blood Pressure (BP) using Photoplethysmography (PPG). Instead of directly relating systolic and diastolic BP values with PPG features, our proposed methodology initially maps PPG features with some person specific intermediate latent parameters and later derives BP values from them. The 2-Element Windkessel model has been considered in the current context to estimate total peripheral resistance and arterial compliance of a person using PPG features, followed by linear regression for simulating arterial blood pressure. Experimental results, performed on a standard hospital dataset yielded absolute errors of 0.78±13.1 mmHg and 0.59 ± 10.23 mmHg for systolic and diastolic BP values respectively. Results also indicate that the methodology is more robust than the standard methodologies that directly estimate BP values from PPG signal.

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