HNSCC patients show deterioration in swallowing function after CRT with normalcy of diet in maximum and eating in public least affected. Pre-CRT severity of dysphagia, weight loss> 10% and disease progression have significant correlation with higher swallowing function deterioration after CRT.

The requirement of converters is increasing with the increase in demand for the power conversion devices. For efficient power conversion, stability and time response of the system must be improved. For improving characteristics a mathematical model of the system must be determined. In this paper, an improvised state space model of full bridge converter is presented which can be used in converter design. This state-space model incorporates the non-idealities of the transformers like discharge time of primary inductance and secondary inductance as well as the wire resistance. The interdependency of the parameters affects the state space model of the converter compared to the ideal modeling. This variation in state space model of the converter has an impact on design of compensator which improves the system efficiency of the converter.

Introduction: Endoscopic method is an alternative to shunt placement and open surgery; it creates a communication between cyst, ventricular system and subarachnoid system. Aim: To describe the demographic, clinical profile, operative technique, complications and outcome following endoscopic management of intracranial arachnoid cysts at a tertiary Care Hospital in Southern India. Materials and Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted in tertiary care hospital in southern India in which case records of all 42 symptomatic patients diagnosed with intracranial arachnoid cyst and who underwent surgical management by endoscopic techniques from 1995 to 2010 were included. Demographics, clinical presentations, type of surgery, complications and clinical outcome were recorded and results were expressed in terms of frequency and percentages. Results: Study included 30 males and 12 females with a mean (SD) age of 14.8 (15.5) years. The most common presenting feature was raised intracranial pressure (27.6%). Cysts were commonly located inposteriorfossa(35.7%)followedbyintraventricularregion(31.0%). All patients (100%) underwent endoscopic fenestration with either cystoventriculostomy or cystocisternostomy. Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy (ETV) was done in 21.4% of patients associated with hydrocephalus. Postoperative complications (11.9%) included Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) leak, subdural hygroma and metabolic complications. Mortality rate was 2.4%. Follow-up period ranged between one month to 99 months (median 24 months). Success rate of the procedure was 95%. Conclusion: Prevalence of intracranial arachnoid cyst is common in males and is often located in the posterior fossa. The endoscopic management of intracranial arachnoid cyst is safe and is associated with superior clinical outcome

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Carcinoma of the temporal bone is rare, accounting for fewer than 0.2% of all the tumours of the head and neck. Despite the recent advances made in oncology, delayed diagnosis is common with temporal bone tumors which lead to significant morbidity and poor surgical outcomes. All cases of persistent otitis media or otitis externa which fails to improve with adequate treatment, temporal bone malignancy should be suspected. The aim of the study was to assess the incidence of temporal bone malignancy in patients with CSOM or external auditory mass<span lang="EN-IN">. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> It is a prospective study conducted in department of ENT and Head and Neck surgery, Karnataka institute of medical sciences, Hubballi from July 2015- December 2016. All patients with CSOM presenting with otorrhoea and mass in the external auditory canal in our outpatient department were included in the study<span lang="EN-IN">.  </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Out of 6496 patients included in our study, 3 patients were found to have temporal bone malignancy. Histopathological examination showed squamous cell carcinoma in all 3 patients. All three patients underwent lateral temporal bone resection with post-operative radiotherapy<span lang="EN-IN">. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> High level of suspicion is necessary for early diagnosis of temporal bone malignancy especially in patients with CSOM unresponsive to conventional treatment<span lang="EN-IN">.</span></p><p> </p>