, who collaborated with me in a research project on Taiwanese businesses in Vietnam and China, funded by the Chiang Ching-Kuo Foundation. Thanks are also due to Thuy Thu Pham for collecting Vietnamese documentary materials, to Jonathan Unger for his comments and editing, and to two anonymous referees for The China Journal for their detailed comments. 1 For further reasons that these two regions and Vietnam and China as a whole are worth comparing, see William S.

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Using a survey the authors initiated in fifty-four footwear factories in China, this article investigates the extent to which Chinese workers today are subjected to coercive workplace discipline. The authors compare the management practices of state-owned and collective factories, private factories owned by mainland Chinese, and those owned by investors from Hong Kong and Taiwan. The survey selects five indicators of a disciplinary labor regime: corporal punishment, compulsory overtime, discipline vis-à-vis bodily functions (such as toilet-going restrictions), imposition of monetary penalties, and bonding of labor through mandatory deposits.