Xanthomonas campestrisis a phytopathogenic bacterium and causes many diseases of agricultural relevance. Volatiles were shown to be important in inter- and intraorganismic attraction and defense reactions. Recently it became apparent that also bacteria emit a plethora of volatiles, which influence other organisms such as invertebrates, plants and fungi. As a first step to study volatile-based bacterial–plant interactions, the emission profile ofXanthomonas c.pv.vesicatoria85-10 was determined by using GC/MS and PTR–MS techniques. More than 50 compounds were emitted by this species, the majority comprising ketones and methylketones. The structure of the dominant compound, 10-methylundecan-2-one, was assigned on the basis of its analytical data, obtained by GC/MS and verified by comparison of these data with those of a synthetic reference sample. Application of commercially available decan-2-one, undecan-2-one, dodecan-2-one, and the newly synthesized 10-methylundecan-2-one in bi-partite Petri dish bioassays revealed growth promotions in low quantities (0.01 to 10 μmol), whereas decan-2-one at 100 μmol caused growth inhibitions of the fungusRhizoctonia solani. Volatile emission profiles of the bacteria were different for growth on media (nutrient broth) with or without glucose.

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Purpose The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the use of [68Ga]Ga-PSMA PET/CT in therapy response assessment (TRA) of mCRPC patients treated with [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 and its correlation with overall survival (OS). Methods Thirty-nine patients were included in the study. Patient-/lesion-based early and late response assessment (ERA/LRA) was defined as PET2 (after two therapy cycles) vs. PET1 (before the first cycle) (n = 29) and end of treatment PET vs. PET1 (n = 17), respectively. PET-based response (PET parameters; modified (m) PERCIST/EORTC), biochemical response (ΔPSA; category-based) and category-based clinical response (CRA) was tested for correlation/agreement. PET-based TRA was correlated with OS. Results A significant correlation/agreement was shown between PET parameters and CRA as well as biochemical response in LRA of all lesions and between mPERCIST-based and category-based PSA response assessment in LRA (bone lesion-based, P = 0.045, κ = 0.184). At ERA, OS was significantly higher in CR/PR/SD compared to progressive disease applying mPERCIST/EORTC criteria (P = 0.0024). Conclusion In [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617-treated mCRPC patients OS of the group of CR/PR/SD was significantly higher compared to the progressive disease group (mPERCIST/EORTC) in ERA. Therefore, [68Ga]Ga-PSMA PET might serve as a complementary diagnostic tool for TRA offering prognostic value regarding OS.

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ZusammenfassungDer Chemokinrezeptor CXCR4 – häufig nachgewiesen, doch selten greifbar. Während in einer schier endlosen Zahl an Studien seine physiologische und pathogene Präsenz, seine zellulären Funktionen sowie Möglichkeiten seiner gezielten pharmakologischen Kontrolle seit fast 30 Jahren erforscht werden, ist das Spektrum seiner nuklearmedizinischen klinischen Anwendungen mit malignen Krankheitsbildern des hämatopoetischen Systems und einigen wenigen Entzündungsprozessen immer noch überschaubar. Das Verständnis um Prozesse, die seine dynamische Zelloberflächenexpression regulieren sowie die Suche nach selektiven Radiopharmaka zur Unterscheidung physiologischer von pathogenen CXCR4-Expressionen stellen die Herausforderung der Zukunft dar, um den CXCR4 als ein vielseitiges theranostisches Target in der Nuklearmedizin zu manifestieren.