Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating disease of the Central Nervous System. It is an auto-immune disorder. Its usual symptoms are unique to each person. In MS lesions vast fractions of pyruvate molecules are instantly transformed into lactate. This reprogramming mechanism of glycolysis is known as the Warburg effect. MS has no efficient treatment yet. Hence, there is a requirement for profitable immunomodulatory agents in MS. Probiotics perform as an immunomodulator because they regulate the host's immune responses. Its efficacy gets enhanced for an extended period when it combines with prebiotics. In this review, we focus on the metabolic alterations behind the MS lesions via the Warburg effect, and also suggesting, the combined efficacy of prebiotics and probiotics for the effective treatment of MS without side effects. The Warburg effect mechanism intensifies the infiltration of activated T-cells and B-cells into the central nervous system (CNS). It provokes the inflammation process on the myelin sheath. The infiltration of immune cells can be inhibited by the combination therapy of probiotics and prebiotics. By this review, we can recommend that the idea of this combinational therapy can do miracles in the treatment of MS in the future.

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Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide that arises from the transformation of normal cells into tumour cells in a multi-stage process. There is always a stable demand for new therapies to treat cancer. Research communities is showing interest towards nanoparticles along with naturally-derived compounds as they are considered as less toxic compared to chemotherapy and radiation. The present study is to develop a fast, eco-friendly synthesis of Gloriosa superba nickel nanoparticles (GSNiNPs) using methanolic extract of Gloriosa superba tuber which acts as a reducing agent and has an active principle against cancer activity. Nickel nanoparticles are considered as good adsorbents due to their chemical and magnetic properties. The synthesised GSNiNPs were characterized using UV Visible spectroscopy, which showed a prominent peak at 350 nm verified the formation of NiNps by the reduction of bioactive compounds of Gloriosa superba towards metal salts. FTIR confirmed that the GSNiNPs were functionalized with biomolecules. SEM and TEM analysis revealed that GSNiNPs are slightly spherical and agglomerated nanoparticles. The in-vitro cytotoxic activity of Gloriosa superba nickel nanoparticles in HeLa cancer cell lines was analyzed using MTT assay, wound healing assay, DAPI staining and double staining. In vitro anti-angiogenic efficacy of Gloriosa superba-nickel nanoparticles was evaluated via the expression pattern of caspase 3 and 9, VEGF A and VEGF B through reverse transcriptase-PCR. The results revealed that Gloriosa superba nickel nanoparticles possess apoptotic and anti-angiogenic effects in HeLa cell lines by inhibiting VEGF A and B and increasing the levels of caspase 3 and 9. GSNiNPs can act as an effective anti-cancer therapeutic agent for cervical cancer cells. In conclusion, the synthesized GSNiNPs can bring a new approach to improve the bioavailability of drug-responsive for the treatment of cervical cancer.