Recurrent focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS)following transplantation is ascribed to the presence of a circulating FSGS permeability factor (FSPF). Plasmapheresis (PP) can induce remission of proteinuria in recurrent FSGS. This study addressed the efficacy of pre-transplant PP in decreasing the incidence of recurrence in high-risk patients. Ten patients at highrisk for FSGS recurrence because of rapid progression to renal failure (n = 4) or prior transplant recurrence of FSGS (n = 6) underwent a course of 8 PP treatments in the peri-operative period. Recurrences were identified by proteinuria >3 g/day and confirmed by biopsy. Seven patients, including all 4 with first grafts and 3 of 6 with prior recurrence, were free of recurrence at follow-up (238-1258 days). Final serum creatinine in 8 patients with functioning kidneys averaged 1.53 mg/dL. FSGS recurred within 3 months in 3 patients, each of whom had lost prior transplants to recurrent FSGS. Two of these progressed to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and the third has significant renal dysfunction. Based on inclusion criteria, recurrence rates of 60% were expected if no treatment was given. Therefore, PP may decrease the incidence of recurrent FSGS in high-risk patients. Definitive conclusions regarding optimal management can only be drawn from larger, randomized, controlled studies.

BackgroundGlobally, diabetes is the top priority chronic disease. Health literary would be cost effective for prevention and control of diabetes and its consequences. This study was conducted to determine the level of diabetes related health knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) among diabetic patient and factors associated with KAP.MethodsAn institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted using a non-probability sampling technique to select the diabetic patients. A total of 244 diabetic patients were interviewed from July to November 2014. Data was collected by face to face interview using structured interviewer rater questionnaires. Relative risk ratio (RRR) and 95 % confidence interval (CI) of associated factors were estimated by a stepwise likelihood ratio method with multinomial logistic regression.ResultsMore than half (52.5 %) of all patients were female, 18 % were illiterate, and 24.6 % were from rural residence. The diabetes related risk factors were common among diabetic patients; 9.8 % smoker, 16 % alcohol drinking, and 17.6 % reported low or no physical activity. Median score for knowledge, attitude, and practice were 81, 40 and 14 respectively. Among all patients, 12.3 %, 12.7 % and 16 % had highly satisfactory knowledge, attitude and practice respectively. Using highly insufficient knowledge as the baseline, the likelihood of having a level of highly sufficient knowledge was 17 times higher among patients who have graduated and above level of education compared to those who were illiterate. Albeit this value was comparatively lower than insufficient level of knowledge. The probability of having a sufficient level of practice among diabetic patient with a history of smoking was 0.10 times lower than in patient with no history of smoking.ConclusionsOur study reveals a variation between diabetes related health knowledge, attitude and practice in Nepal among those who are affected by diabetes. Our results show the potential diabetes health literacy needs to be improved or developed for better health promotion.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD/uremia) remains vexing because it increases the risk of atherothrombosis and is also associated with bleeding complications on standard antithrombotic/antiplatelet therapies. Although the associations of indolic uremic solutes and vascular wall proteins [such as tissue factor (TF) and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR)] are being defined, the specific mechanisms that drive the thrombotic and bleeding risks are not fully understood. We now present an indolic solute–specific animal model, which focuses on solute-protein interactions and shows that indolic solutes mediate the hyperthrombotic phenotype across all CKD stages in an AHR- and TF-dependent manner. We further demonstrate that AHR regulates TF through STIP1 homology and U-box–containing protein 1 (STUB1). As a ubiquitin ligase, STUB1 dynamically interacts with and degrades TF through ubiquitination in the uremic milieu. TF regulation by STUB1 is supported in humans by an inverse relationship of STUB1 and TF expression and reduced STUB1-TF interaction in uremic vessels. Genetic or pharmacological manipulation of STUB1 in vascular smooth muscle cells inhibited thrombosis in flow loops. STUB1 perturbations reverted the uremic hyperthrombotic phenotype without prolonging the bleeding time, in contrast to heparin, the standard-of-care antithrombotic in CKD patients. Our work refines the thrombosis axis (STUB1 is a mediator of indolic solute–AHR-TF axis) and expands the understanding of the interconnected relationships driving the fragile thrombotic state in CKD. It also establishes a means of minimizing the uremic hyperthrombotic phenotype without altering the hemostatic balance, a long-sought-after combination in CKD patients.

This study identified three risks for survival. It is suggested that all patients with nongangrenous sigmoid volvulus undergo a recurrence-prevention procedure immediately or electively. We also found that extension of gangrene beyond the confines of the constriction is not uncommon, calling for caution on the part of the treating surgeon.