Power dissipation in circuits and systems is the critical factor for most of the researchers and industries. Many power dissipation techniques have been proposed but most of these techniques have some tradeoffs. Adiabatic logic technique in contrary to that of a conventional CMOS technique shows promising results. A variable supply voltage is provided instead of a constant supply required for CMOS logic. In this paper, an unconventional approach for reducing the power dissipation is reviews and implemented. Various techniques used for implementing adiabatic logic circuits are also discussed in this paper. The adiabatic CMOS and the conventional CMOS techniques are compared with respect to their power dissipation parameter. The simulation results obtained verifies that the circuits implemented using adiabatic logic approach dissipate lesser power compared to that of conventional static CMOS approach.

A novel low profile dual band patch antenna is presented. It consists of a composite right/left-handed transmission line (CRLH TL) unit cell gap coupled with the radiating edge of a rectangular patch antenna. The dual band behavior is achieved by coupling the zeroth order resonance mode of CRLH TL and TM10mode of the patch antenna. It is shown that frequency ratio can be changed by varying the gap between the patch and CRLH TL unit cell. The proposed configuration enables frequency reconfigurability by changing the CRLH TL unit cell using a switch. A prototype of the antenna having frequency ratiof2/f1= 1.08 is designed and fabricated. The proposed antenna shows measuredS11≤ −10 dB bandwidth of 100 and 50 MHz at resonance frequencies off1= 4.84 andf2= 5.22 GHz, respectively. A 2 × 2 dual band CRLH TL coupled patch array is also presented, showing more than 12.7 dBi gain at both resonance frequencies.

Nanotechnology deals with the Nanoparticles having a size of 1-100 nm in one dimension used significantly concerning medical chemistry, atomic physics, and all other known fields. These particles can be prepared easily by different physical, chemical and biological approaches. But the biological approach is the most emerging approach of preparation because this method is easier than the other methods, eco-friendly and less time consuming. In this study green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) of Ziziphus nummularia (ZN) was done using the magnetic stirrer method. These AgNPs were characterized by UV-vis Spectroscopy, FTIR and SEM technique and the optimization was done by varying the root extract volume, silver nitrate concentrations, pH and temperature. It was observed that ZN extract can reduce the silver ions in to AgNPs with in 30 min of reaction time. The surface plasmon resonance peak observed near 430 nm, confirmed the reduction of Ag+ to Ag0 . Maximum absorbance peak 430 nm was observed with 2mM AgNO3 solution with standard condition of 9pH and 70°C temp. at magnetic stirrer followed by 42 hrs incubation during the optimization of stable AgNPs. SEM images clearly shows that synthesized AgNPs are in spherical shape with size range 20-50 nm. FTIR clearly indicating the presence of capping and reducing agents around the AgNPs synthesised from crude extract of ZN. The biosynthesized AgNPs exhibited significant antimicrobial activity against pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis (a Gram-positive bacterium), Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli (a gram negative bacterium) and Aspergillus niger (plant pathogenic fungal strain), Candida albicans (human pathogenic fungal strain). This novel approach of bionanotechnology can be taken up by the researcher in near future to develop the effective bionaomedicine, biopesticides, nanofood composites etc.

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