Oral cancer has a significant impact on the QOL of the patients. Assessment of QOL should receive adequate attention in treatment planning and rehabilitation. This would definitely help in delivery of better symptom directed therapies and improve the QOL of the patients.

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Introduction: Knowledge of the normal anatomical variations of venous sinuses is important for clinicians and radiologist for investigations and diagnosing various pathologies of dural venous sinuses like thrombosis, embolism and fistula etc. The detailed morphometric study of dural venous sinuses is missing in academic literature. Although few radiological studies have been done in the past but direct anatomical proof in the form of cadaveric study of dural venous sinuses is not available in the literature. Methods: The present study involved the examination of superior sagittal sinus, sigmoid sinus, transverse sinus, straight sinus and occipital sinus in 12 dura maters of formaldehyde fixed cadavers. The length and width (at midpoint and near confluences) of these sinuses and width of confluences were measured with venire callipers. Results: Some remarkable findings were observed in this study. It was established that the width of torcular herophilus is directly proportional to length of superior sagittal sinus and is also directly proportional to length of right sigmoid sinus. Torcular herophilus is situated away from right sigmoid sinus with intervening right transverse sinus and still its width is directly proportional to length of right sigmoid sinus. Also it was observed that the length of straight sinus was directly proportional to length of right transverse sinus. Right sigmoid sinus is a continuation of right transverse sinus but its width increases with increase in width of left transverse sinus. Length of left sigmoid sinus was directly proportional to length of right but width of left sigmoid sinus and vice a versa. Width of left sigmoid sinus is directly proportional to the length of right and left sigmoid sinus. Conclusion: It is extrapolated that this study will be valuable to neurosurgeons for preoperative planning and clinicians and radiologist to prevent misdiagnosis.

Ulvans represent one of the most abundant marine-derived macromolecular sulfated polysaccharides accounting for numerous biological applications including in one of the fastest growing field of biomedical sciences. Tissue engineering based on biologically inspired and naturally derived polymers has been one of the prime focuses of regenerative medicine. The present investigation is intended to explore an ionic cross-linking approach at higher pH lead by the calcium ions for casting cell growth promoting scaffolds out of the raw ulvan. The characterization studies using attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy represent specific absorptions at 2950, 980, and 600 cm−1, whereas the x-ray diffraction showed a total absence of major crystalline peaks presenting significant shift to an amorphous state. The 1H nuclear magnetic resonance study revealed functional group modifications in the backbone that might be potentially derived from calcium interactions with glucurorhamnose 3-sulfate and iduronorhamnose 3-sulfate. The atomic force microscopy together with field emission scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy mapping revealed the resultant surface changes, whereas confocal microscopy z-stacking showed the cell proliferative activity as evident by the attainment of complete morphology. The combined chemical and biological response of the scaffold makes it a well suitable support for its cell culture and tissue engineering applications.

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