Polymicrobial biofilm formation during multi-species infection is a serious threat growing worldwide. According to CDC, the microbial biofilm infection covers more than 65% of total infection. In many diseases, their natural habitat does not have one causative agent because most of the species exist in co-aggregation (such as CF, OM, Dental Caries) leading to polymicrobial biofilm. Polymicrobial biofilm is a big problem in bacterio-fungal and inter-species bacterial diseases developed during chronic illness and created a major health burden globally. This review focused on various aspects of polymicrobial biofilms such as why they are forming polymicrobial biofilm arrangements, the significance of studying these biofilms, the interaction between causative microbes. Also, we reviewed how these interactions and polymicrobial formations make the biofilm more recalcitrant towards the treatment. Understanding the mechanistic process behind these biofilm formations gives an insight into specific molecules, proteins responsible for their polymicrobial nature are likely to be very helpful in anti-microbial researches.

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Secreted aspartyl proteases (SAPs) are important enzymes for fungal pathogenicity, playing a significant role in infection and survival. This article provides insight into how SAPs facilitate the transformation of yeast cells into hyphae and engage in biofilm formation, invasion and degradation of host cells and proteins. SAPs and their isoenzymes are prevalent during fungal infections, making them a potential target for antifungal and antibiofilm therapies. By targeting SAPs, critical stages of fungal pathogenesis such as adhesion, hyphal development, biofilm formation, host invasion and immune evasion can potentially be disrupted. Developing therapies that target SAPs could provide an effective treatment option for a wide range of fungal infections.