This essay on feminism focuses on intersectional analysis, an emerging, important theoretical contribution by feminism to sociology. Intersectional analysis involves the concurrent analyses of multiple, intersecting (and interacting) sources of subordination/oppression. There are early examples of publications based on this type of analysis around 1980 in North America and Britain, but it was only a decade later that its use started to become more widespread. Its development at different rates in various parts of the world is selectively explored, as well as some of the types of publications in which it has been used.In this essay, I focus on intersectional analysis, arguably an importanteven the most important (McCall, 2005) -recent theoretical contribution (and challenge) of feminism to sociological analysis. As we shall see, it is also a contested contribution (see Knapp, 2005). Intersectional analysis involves the concurrent analyses of multiple, intersecting sources of subordination/oppression, and is based on the premise that the impact of a particular source of subordination may vary, depending on its combination with other potential sources of subordination (or of relative privilege). I argue that intersectional analysis can be understood as an outcome of applying the same type of critiques within feminism that (second wave) feminist sociologists had applied, in the 1960s and early 1970s, in their first challenge to sociology. Their critique was that women were invisible in most sociological theorizing and analysis -an outcome of the (often implicit) assumption that men's experience was both universal and normative, except in (the primarily) affective relations within the family. I have chosen to concentrate in this essay on the development, at different
As Hankivsky & Cormier (2011) and Denis (2008) note, the theoretical evolution of intersectionality has outpaced its methodological development. While past work has contributed to our understanding of how to apply intersectionality in research (CRIAW-ICREF & DAWN-RAFH 2014; Morris & Bunjan 2007; Simpson 2009), gaps persist. Drawing on a four-year community-university research collaboration called ‘Changing public services: Women and intersectional analysis’, we explore the incorporation of feminist intersectional and community-engaged research commitments into secondary data analyses, specifically a scoping review and secondary analyses of two Statistics Canada data sets. We discuss our application of these commitments across all stages of designing and undertaking these analyses, in particular drawing into focus the importance of dialogue and deliberation throughout our process. Our application of feminist intersectional and community-engaged commitments – including prioritising community benefit and practising self-reflexivity – revealed gaps and silences in the data, in turn improving our understanding of differences in people’s experiences, our critiques of policies and our identification of new research questions. The lessons learned, we conclude, are valuable for scholars, whether or not community engagement is central to their scholarly commitment.
Keywordsfeminist intersectionality, community-engaged research, scoping review, logistic regression, community-university partnerships, Canadian public services
Contemporary globalization is conceptualized as a gendered phenomenon and its impact on the (in)equity women experience is examined for Barbados, a small island nation, which has been experiencing shifts in economic and social policies which are informed by the neoliberal orthodoxy of globalization. After considering how recent globalization has affected the Barbados political economy, the article examines how these changes affect the productive and reproductive activities of women in different social locations. The resulting benefits and disadvantages for women are considered, together with the latter's strategies of resistance.
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