Objective The objective of this study was to review the literature to identify and summarize strategies for evaluating responses to physical exertion after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) for clinical and research purposes. Data sources PubMed and EBSCOHost through December 31, 2016. Study Selection Two independent reviewers selected studies based on the following criteria: 1) inclusion of participants with mTBI/concussion, 2) use of a measurement of physiological or psychosomatic response to exertion, 3) a repeatable description of the exertion protocol was provided, 4) a sample of at least 10 participants with a mean age between 8–65 years, and 5) the article was in English. The search process yielded 2,685 articles, of which 14 studies met the eligibility requirements. Data Extraction A quality assessment using a checklist was conducted for each study by two independent study team members and verified by a third team member. Data were extracted by a one team member and verified by a second team member. Data Synthesis A qualitative synthesis of the studies revealed that most protocols employed a treadmill or cycle ergometer as the exercise modality. Protocol methods varied across studies including differences in initial intensity determination, progression parameters, and exertion duration. Common outcome measures were self-reported symptoms, heart rate, and blood pressure. Summary/conclusions The strongest evidence indicates that exertional assessments can provide important insight about mTBI recovery and should be administered using symptoms as a guide. Additional studies are needed to verify an optimal modes and protocols for post-mTBI exertional assessments.