Nonporous spherical silica nanoparticles resulting from a controlled Stöber process are covalently surface modified with redox-active molecules. Ferrocene, a ruthenium(II) complex with an N2P2Cl2 ligand set, and a sterically hindered biphenylamine are used as modifiers. The resulting materials are characterized by physical, spectroscopic, electrochemical, and chemical methods. The cyclic voltammetric behavior is studied in detail and reveals effects of charge transport by electron hopping along the surface of particles adsorbed on a Pt electrode. The ruthenium(II) complex remains catalytically active with respect to hydrogenation upon immobilization on the particles. Thus, the respective material provides a heterogenized homogeneous hydrogenation catalyst on a solid support.

Dehorning of calves is intended to facilitate handling and increase the safety of people and animals. the study aimed to review the methods of calf dehorning and use of pharmacological analgesic, anaesthetic and sedation drugs, as well as their impact on pain perception. regardless of the age of calves, dehorning is always associated with pain and stress. the changes in behaviour, physiological parameters, changes in heart rate, respiratory rate and increased cortisol secretion are observed during this procedure. The welfare of calves is significantly reduced during dehorning. many studies point to minimization of the pain perceived by the use of pharmacological agents. Beneficial effects were observed with the combined use of anaesthetics and non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs.

STRESZCZENIEPraca przedstawia przegląd zagadnień dotyczących odpowiedzialności karnej związanej z gospodarką wodną. Pojęcie odpowiedzialności jest spornym tematem i było wielokrotnie definiowane w nauce prawa zarówno pod względem określenia jednolitego znaczenia, jak i stworzenia ogólnego podziału. Podmiot nieprzestrzegający przepisów prawa zostaje pociągnięty do odpowiedzialności, poprzez nałożenie odpowiednich kar będących instrumentem prawnym w ramach omawianej odpowiedzialności. Instrumenty prawne oraz zasady ich zastosowania są określone w przepisach prawa karnego materialnego.Słowa kluczowe: prawo wodne, odpowiedzialność prawna, kodeks karny, kodeks wykroczeń, instrumenty prawne. LEGAL INSTRUMENTS IN THE FRAMEWORK OF CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY IN THE MANAGEMENT OF WATER ABSTRACTThe work is a review of issues relating to criminal liability relating to water. The concept of liability is a contentious subject and has been repeatedly defined in the study of law, both in terms of defining a single meaning, and to create a general breakdown. It is not in compliance with the law to be held accountable by imposing appropriate penalties which legal instrument discussed in the context of accountability. Legal instruments are specified in material criminal law.

Being labeled "hardworking" in childhood by various sources subsequently reduced the risk of several depression symptoms and increased self-esteem in undergraduates, while being labeled "smart" only reduced two depression symptoms and did not elevate self-esteem. Those with a history of being labeled either "smart" or "hardworking" generally reported that this increased both their confidence and academic risk-taking. Women who reported being labeled "smart" as children were more likely than similarly labeled men to report that the label increased their academic risk-taking. Of those who reported being labeled "hardworking," males were more likely to report that being labeled "hardworking" increased their confidence. Overall, females were more likely to report being labeled "hardworking." An independent samples t-test comparing individuals with a history of being labeled "smart" and those labeled without such a history revealed a significant difference in likelihood of taking difficult courses in college. This challenges Dweck's theory that being labeled "smart" discourages academic risk-taking. Furthermore, those who believed being labeled "smart" increased their academic risk-taking had lower scores on the beck depression inventory-II. These findings support the potential mental health value of fostering a growth mindset in children.