Two cases of oesophageal trichosporonosis due to a suspected nosocomial infection are reported. Both the patients were immunocompetent and had undergone an endoscopic examination on the same day. Six strains of Trichosporon were isolated: three strains from the oesophageal biopsy of the first patient, one strain from the endoscopic forceps, one from the air in the endoscopy room, and one from the oesophageal biopsy of the second patient. The nosocomial nature of the infection and the role of the endoscopic forceps in transporting the micro-organism was suspected, but the morphology and physiology of the isolated strains did not confirm such hypothesis. To elucidate the nature of the infection and the genetic similarities of the strains isolated, all strains were typed with RFLPs of the rDNA fragment and with RAPD. The results of RAPD using primer (GTG)5 (GACA)4, M13 core sequence, and the 15-mer oligonucleotide GAGGGTGGXGGXTCT indicated the molecular identity of three strains supporting the hypothesis concerning a transport of the aetiological agent from the first patient to the second and that the carrier was the forceps of the endoscopic device.

In order to ascertain if Cryptococcus neoformans components can induce interleukin-6 (IL-6) production, we stimulated human whole blood with purified capsular products. Their potencies in stimulating IL-6 release were mannoproteins > galactoxylomannan ‫؍‬ glucuronoxylomannan > ␣(1-3)glucan. IL-6 production was tumor necrosis factor alpha independent and required the presence of monocytes and plasma. Since IL-6 can stimulate replication of the human immunodeficiency virus in monocytic cells, these findings may be clinically relevant.