Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is potentially blinding, but screening and timely treatment can stop its progression. The data on treatment outcomes of ROP from Central and Eastern Europe are scarce. Therefore, we aimed to analyze the latest results of ROP management in Poznan medical center to update the data from this world region. In the years 2016–2019, 178 patients (350 eyes) received treatment for ROP (6.1% of the screened population). The mean gestational age was 26 weeks (range 22–31 weeks), the mean birth weight was 868 g (range 410–1890 g). The most frequent ROP stage at treatment was zone II, stage 3 + (34.9%). As the first line of treatment, 115 infants (226 eyes, 64.6%) underwent laser photocoagulation (LP); 61 infants (120 eyes, 34.3%) received intravitreal ranibizumab injections (IVR); and 2 infants (4 eyes, 0.6%) were treated simultaneously with LP and IVR. One hundred twenty-six eyes (36%) of 63 patients required retreatment: 20.4% treated with LP and 66.7% treated with IVR. Retinal detachment occurred in 14 eyes (4%). The incidence of ROP, ROP requiring treatment, and reoccurrence rates are higher in the Polish population than in Western Europe and the USA. The identified treatment patterns find increasing use of anti-VEGF agents.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the anatomical and functional outcomes of the two-stage treatment of severe retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) using laser photocoagulation and intravitreal ranibizumab injection. The medical records of 53 eyes of 28 infants treated by conventional laser photocoagulation with deferred intravitreal 0.25 mg/0.025 mL ranibizumab injection were analysed. All patients had at least 11 months of follow-up. In the analysed group, the mean gestational age at birth was 25 weeks and mean birthweight was 790 g. The mean time of laser photocoagulation was 34 weeks of postmenstrual age (PMA). Ranibizumab injection was performed on average at 37 weeks of PMA. The mean time between interventions was 19 days. Retinal detachment occurred in 12 eyes (22.6%), in three children bilaterally. Visual responses were obtained in 23 of 28 treated children. Our results indicate that ranibizumab injection can be taken into consideration in the selected cases of laser photocoagulation failure. The unsatisfactory results of this study elicited a change in the ROP treatment protocol in our medical centre. The study gives an insight into anatomical and functional outcomes of ROP treatment in the Central and Eastern European population.

IntroductionHorner's syndrome manifests itself by anisocoria, one-sided ptosis, anhidrosis, and enophthalmos. It is caused by an interruption of the oculosympathetic tract. Among pediatric patients, the most common etiology is trauma. WnioskiPrzypadek tej pacjentki pokazuje, że zespół Hornera wymaga uwagi, a zdiagnozowanie jego przyczyny powinno opierać się na badaniu rezonansu magnetycznego głowy i szyi.

INTRODUCTION Diabetes mellitus and the postmenopausal period are associated with increased risk of urinary tract infections (UTIs) in women. However, data on UTIs in postmenopausal diabetic women are scarce. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of UTIs in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus, identify the potential risk factors, describe the causative pathogens, and assess their susceptibility to quinolones.  PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients were interviewed, examined, and had their hospital records analyzed. An uncontaminated midstream urine sample was collected and cultured in selective or enriched media. Colony‑forming units were counted and susceptibility to quinolones was assessed. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were built.  RESULTS Forty women were included in this prospective cross‑sectional study; their median age was 64 years (range, 52-84 years). UTIs occurred in 37.5% of the patients. The major implicated pathogens were Escherichia coli (66.7%) and enterococci (20%; most often Enterococcus faecalis). Most of the pathogens (93.8%) were susceptible to all tested quinolones. Patients with UTIs had a significantly lower glomerular filtration rate (P = 0.008) and higher comorbidity index (P = 0.01) compared with patients with sterile urine. Microangiopathic complications, including retinopathy and nephropathy, were identified as independent risk factor for UTIs (adjusted odds ratio, 3.5; 95% CI, 1.2-5.5; P = 0.006). The other clinical correlates of UTIs were urinary incontinence, hyperlipidemia, and microalbuminuria. CONCLUSIONS Postmenopausal diabetic patients with microangiopathy are at high risk of UTIs and therefore should be educated and vigilantly monitored. Attention should also be paid to urinary incontinence, hyperlipidemia, and microalbuminuria as other risk factors for UTIs. Quinolones are an attractive treatment option in this group of patients in Poland.

IntroductionThrombocytes may regulate the activity of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), limiting neovascularization in retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). The aim of this study was to examine the role of platelet counts, thrombocytopenia, and infections in the pathogenesis of ROP.Material and methodsThe study included 163 preterm infants diagnosed with ROP, comparing 76 patients who required treatment with 87 patients in whom ROP resolved spontaneously (control group). Further analysis concerned 52 patients in whom a first line treatment was sufficient to stop ROP progression, and 24 patients who required re-treatment.ResultsA statistically significant difference was found in the occurrence of thrombocytopenia (p = 0.015), platelet counts before the diagnosis of ROP (p = 0.008), and the presence of late-onset infection (p = 0.007). The ROC curve analysis showed that the value of platelets above 232 × 109/l may stimulate spontaneous resolution of ROP. A significant difference between patients once treated and patients that required re-treatment was found in platelet count before the diagnosis of ROP (p = 0.017), platelet count before the first intervention (p = 0.013), and the number of transfusions (p = 0.042).ConclusionsThe results of the study confirm the association between ROP development and its severity with thrombocytopenia. While there were no differences in the occurrence of thrombocytopenia right after the birth, its episode before the diagnosis of ROP seems to be significant for ROP development. The deficiency of platelets prior to a treatment intervention may be associated with necessity of re-treatment.