This study presents an analysis of transport modular systems in selected European countries. The European Modular System is characterized and legal acts concerning transport means and systems used for this form of transport are discussed. The study focuses on the European countries which take advantage of this system and the scope of its utilization. Based on the literature and source materials, a comparative analysis was performed and purposefulness the European Modular Systems in Europe was determined.

It is commonly known that transport means release exhaust gases into the atmosphere which poses a threat to the natural environment. Therefore, new requirements and stricter regulations on emissions of C2 and other harmful substances are being introduced. This study presents an analysis of different emission sources of anthropogenic and natural origin. The analysis is supposed to show a real impact of transport related C2 emissions on the natural environment. The work includes results of tests concerning application of biocomponents in motor vehicle fuels and their impact on the value of C2 emission. Having in mind the analysis, it can be said that, as compared to other branches of economy and its natural sources, transport is not the major source of C2 emission and application of biofuels is not a factor that is likely to significantly contribute to carbon dioxide emission reduction on a global scale.

The Three Seas Initiative, which gathers 12 European countries located from the Baltic Sea, the Adriatic Sea to the Black Sea, is both an opportunity and a challenge for the countries of Central and Eastern Europe. The concept has primarily a regional dimension, while its global impact is appreciated and supported by, among others, Scandinavian countries and the U.S. government. While the potential for economic development within the scope this initiative is high, in order to develop it, there is a need to modernize the transporting, energetic and digital infrastructure necessary for the implementation of logistic processes. It is also necessary to change legal regulations. The article describes the international economic and political initiative gathering selected countries in the Three Seas area and characterizes the purposefulness of the application of European Modular Systems. On the basis of previously selected features influencing the increase of economic efficiency and appropriately selected weights, a comparative analysis of selected cargo means was conducted. The Bellinger’s method was applied in order to conduct the comparative analysis. Based on the analysis of the obtained research results, the benefits of using sets with increased loading capacity on a selected route between the ports of the Baltic Sea and the Adriatic Sea were demonstrated.

Electric vehicles are considered emission-free. However, having high-emission and a high degree of electricity demand coverage infrastructure, these vehicles should be considered as internal combustion cars. The purpose of the analysis carried out in this study is to present the state of energy infrastructure in Poland, to determine losses related to energy transmission and greenhouse gas emissions to the atmosphere in relation to unit consumption. Analyzing the data obtained, the emission of the electric vehicle was compared to that of a vehicle powered by diesel oil and fuel with the addition of a biocomponent.

This article focuses on the challenges and problems facing road transport nowadays. The main aspect discussed in the paper is the ecological aspect. As the demand for transport services has been constantly growing for the last 20 years, solving the problem has become a great challenge. In the further part of the study, an attempt was made to indicate solutions applied in the European Union. Another solution is presented in this paper, which is the introduction of European Modular Systems to road transport. Their characteristics were presented and countries in which such solutions are used were indicated. Based the analysis of studies in the field of the discussed issues, a comparison of fuel consumption and CO2 and NOx emissions of standard sets with EMS sets was carried out.